Abstract
Excessive use of nitrogen has become a threat to human health and the environment due to high concentrations of nitrate and nitrite accumulating in surface and ground waters. Biological dinitrogen fixation (N2) is a very important natural process in world agriculture. Rhizobia is a common name for a certain Gram-negative group of Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria that can form nodules on the root and fix nitrogen in symbiosis with legumes as their host plants. Azotobacter spp. is a free-living microorganism that has the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen into the soil. Field trials were carried out of Eskişehir Osmangazi University Field Crops Department experiment areas during the production season of 2017 and 2019. The study was evaluated the effects on morphological and phenologocial characters of two N doses (0 and 25 kg ha-1 N), four bacteria inoculations (control, Rhizobia, Azotobacter, Rhizobia + Azotobacter) on chickpea cultivars (Azkan, Akca, Cakir, Isik). Experiment arranged in split split plot experimental design with three replications. Nitrogen application positively affected number of days to emergence, number of branches, branch diameter and grain yield. Phenological and morphological properties affected by climate conditions. The high temperature caused the number of days to emergence, number of days to flowering and number of days to maturity to be earlier in the second year. Plant height, first pod height and grain yield were higher first year than second year due to high precipitation. While the response of the cultivars was different in terms of phenological properties, Azkan cultivar gave the best results in terms of morphological properties. Rhizobia + Azotobacter inoculation gave the best results in terms of phenological and morphological characteristics except for number of days to maturity. Rhizobia + Azotobacter inoculation can lead to additional income generation of the farming community in Turkey. The use of biofertilizers may reduce the application of chemical fertilizers and we get healthy, pollution-free production for a better future for our increasing populations.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application increased chickpea days to emergence, branching, branch diameter and grain yield.
- Taxon
- Chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- Nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- number of days to emergence, number of branches, branch diameter and grain yielde0
- Direction
- positively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e0“Nitrogen application positively affected number of days to emergence, number of branches, branch diameter and grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Climate conditions affected chickpea phenological and morphological properties.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- Phenological and morphological propertiese0
- Setting
- climate conditionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e0“Phenological and morphological properties affected by climate conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature advanced chickpea emergence, flowering and maturity in the second year.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- high temperaturee0
- Outcome
- number of days to emergence, number of days to flowering and number of days to maturitye0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Comparator
- second yeare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e0“The high temperature caused the number of days to emergence, number of days to flowering and number of days to maturity to be earlier in the second year.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea plant and first pod height and grain yield were higher in the first year than the second.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- Plant height, first pod height and grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- second yeare0
- Setting
- first yeare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e0“Plant height, first pod height and grain yield were higher first year than second year due to high precipitation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea cultivars differed in phenological properties.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- response of the cultivars was different in terms of phenological propertiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e0“the response of the cultivars was different in terms of phenological properties”
Claim · model-written summary
Azkan performed best for chickpea morphological properties.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- Azkane0
- Outcome
- morphological propertiese0
- Direction
- beste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e0“Azkan cultivar gave the best results in terms of morphological properties”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Rhizobia and Azotobacter inoculation performed best for chickpea phenological and morphological traits except days to maturity.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Rhizobia + Azotobacter inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Rhizobiae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- Azotobacter
Azotobactere0other - Outcome
- phenological and morphological characteristicse0
- Direction
- beste0
- Qualifier
- except for number of days to maturitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e0“Rhizobia + Azotobacter inoculation gave the best results in terms of phenological and morphological characteristics except for number of days to maturity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined inoculation may generate additional farming income in Turkey.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Rhizobia + Azotobacter inoculatione0
- Outcome
- additional income generatione0
- Setting
- Turkeye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e0“Rhizobia + Azotobacter inoculation can lead to additional income generation of the farming community in Turkey.”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results differ
92 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- negative
98 papers more in this group
See all 102 papers →inoculation · quality: phytochemicals · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.