Abstract
Abstract Intercropping is one of the most important components of sustainable agriculture. The effects of chemical fertilizer (CF), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) ( Glomus sp.) and AMF + nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) including Azospirillum and Azotobacter (AMF + NFB) was studied on essential oil yield and compositions of Moldavian balm (Mb) ( Dracocephalum moldavica L.) in sole cropping and intercropping with fenugreek (F) ( Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). The experiment was conducted during 2020 and 2021 growing seasons in East Azarbayhan, Iran. The highest dry herbage yield (6132 kg ha −1 ) was obtained in Mb:F(4:2) and CF treatment. After sole Moldavian balm, the highest essential oil yield (15.28 kg ha −1 ) was obtained in Mb:F (4:2) and AMF + NFB treatment. Geranial, geranyl acetate, geraniol, neral, and nerol were the main chemical constituents of essential oil. In AMF + NFB treatments the geranial contents in intercropping patterns of Mb:F (1:1), (2:2) and (100:50), increased by 25.1, 15.5 and 34.6% compared with sole Moldavian balm. The highest LER T values were observed in Mb:F (100:50) cropping pattern in 2021 (1.70 and 1.63 for CF and AMF + NFB treatments). Generally, it can be concluded that Mb:F (100:50) intercropping and use of AMF + NFB bio-fertilizer could be recommended to medicinal plant growers in sustainable production systems.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Mb:F(4:2) with CF gave the highest dry herbage yield, 6132 kg ha −1.
- Taxon
- Dracocephalum moldavica L.
Dracocephalum moldavicat0 - Treatment
- Mb:F(4:2) and CF treatmente0
- Interactor
- Trigonella foenum-graecum L.
Trigonella foenum-graecume1other - Outcome
- dry herbage yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 6132 kg ha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest dry herbage yield (6132 kg ha −1 ) was obtained in Mb:F(4:2) and CF treatment.”
t0“Dracocephalum moldavica L.”
e1“intercropping with fenugreek (F) ( Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
After sole cropping, Mb:F (4:2) with AMF + NFB gave the highest oil yield, 15.28 kg ha −1.
- Taxon
- Dracocephalum moldavica L.Dracocephalum moldavicat0
- Treatment
- Mb:F (4:2) and AMF + NFB treatmente0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Second interactor
- NFBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- essential oil yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 15.28 kg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- sole Moldavian balme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After sole Moldavian balm, the highest essential oil yield (15.28 kg ha −1 ) was obtained in Mb:F (4:2) and AMF + NFB treatment.”
t0“Dracocephalum moldavica L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Geranial, geranyl acetate and geraniol were main oil constituents.
- Taxon
- Dracocephalum moldavica L.Dracocephalum moldavicat0
- Outcome
- Geranial, geranyl acetate, geraniole0
- Qualifier
- main chemical constituentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Geranial, geranyl acetate, geraniol, neral, and nerol were the main chemical constituents of essential oil.”
t0“Dracocephalum moldavica L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Neral and nerol were main oil constituents.
- Taxon
- Dracocephalum moldavica L.Dracocephalum moldavicat0
- Outcome
- neral, and nerole0
- Qualifier
- main chemical constituentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“neral, and nerol were the main chemical constituents of essential oil.”
t0“Dracocephalum moldavica L.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF + NFB with Mb:F (1:1) increased geranial content 25.1% versus sole balm.
- Taxon
- Dracocephalum moldavica L.Dracocephalum moldavicat0
- Treatment
- AMF + NFBe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Second interactor
- NFBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- geranial contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 25.1e0
- Qualifier
- Mb:F (1:1)e0
- Comparator
- sole Moldavian balme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In AMF + NFB treatments the geranial contents in intercropping patterns of Mb:F (1:1), (2:2) and (100:50), increased by 25.1, 15.5 and 34.6% compared with sole Moldavian balm.”
t0“Dracocephalum moldavica L.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF + NFB with Mb:F (2:2) increased geranial content 15.5% versus sole balm.
- Taxon
- Dracocephalum moldavica L.Dracocephalum moldavicat0
- Treatment
- AMF + NFBe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Second interactor
- NFBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- geranial contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15.5e0
- Qualifier
- (2:2)e0
- Comparator
- sole Moldavian balme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In AMF + NFB treatments the geranial contents in intercropping patterns of Mb:F (1:1), (2:2) and (100:50), increased by 25.1, 15.5 and 34.6% compared with sole Moldavian balm.”
t0“Dracocephalum moldavica L.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF + NFB with Mb:F (100:50) increased geranial content 34.6% versus sole balm.
- Taxon
- Dracocephalum moldavica L.Dracocephalum moldavicat0
- Treatment
- AMF + NFBe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Second interactor
- NFBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- geranial contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 34.6%e0
- Qualifier
- (100:50)e0
- Comparator
- sole Moldavian balme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In AMF + NFB treatments the geranial contents in intercropping patterns of Mb:F (1:1), (2:2) and (100:50), increased by 25.1, 15.5 and 34.6% compared with sole Moldavian balm.”
t0“Dracocephalum moldavica L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mb:F (100:50) with CF had a highest LER T of 1.70 in 2021.
- Treatment
- CFe0
- Outcome
- LER Te0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.70e0
- Qualifier
- Mb:F (100:50) cropping pattern in 2021e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The highest LER T values were observed in Mb:F (100:50) cropping pattern in 2021 (1.70 and 1.63 for CF and AMF + NFB treatments).”
Claim · model-written summary
Mb:F (100:50) with AMF + NFB had a highest LER T of 1.63 in 2021.
- Treatment
- AMF + NFBe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Second interactor
- NFBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- LER Te0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.63e0
- Qualifier
- Mb:F (100:50) cropping pattern in 2021e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The highest LER T values were observed in Mb:F (100:50) cropping pattern in 2021 (1.70 and 1.63 for CF and AMF + NFB treatments).”
Claim · model-written summary
Mb:F (100:50) with AMF + NFB is recommended for sustainable medicinal plant production.
- Taxon
- Dracocephalum moldavica L.Dracocephalum moldavicat0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Second interactor
- NFBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- Mb:F (100:50) intercropping and use of AMF + NFB bio-fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mb:F (100:50) intercropping and use of AMF + NFB bio-fertilizer could be recommended to medicinal plant growers in sustainable production systems”
t0“Dracocephalum moldavica L.”
The same questions in other papers
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nitrogen · yield · Dracocephalum moldavicaResults agree
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See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.