Abstract
Rising CO2 concentration in the atmosphere may modulate the response of plants to water and nitrogen, and the existing research is not sufficient to support the fine management of water and nitrogen under CO2 rise. To determine the optimal water and nitrogen strategy for melon production under CO2 enrichment in the future, we conducted an experiment with 12 treatments over three growing seasons. The effects of water nitrogen coupling on the yield, quality, and water−nitrogen use efficiency of oriental melon (Cucumis melo L. Qianyu No. 6) under CO2 enrichment were investigated and evaluated comprehensively. The treatments included two CO2 concentrations, C1 (400 ppm) and C2 (800 ppm), three irrigation levels, I1 (80% evaporation (Ep)), I2 (100% Ep), and I3 (120% Ep); two nitrogen levels, N1 (S: 184.77 kg ha–1, F: 147.21 kg ha–1) and N2 (S: 369.54 kg ha–1, F: 294.42 kg ha–1). The result showed that the yield increased with increasing levels of irrigation and nitrogen, and enriched CO2 significantly increased the yield by 10.3 − 22.9%. N2 showed a significant promoting effect on the ratio of marketable fruit in the two spring seasons. Enriched CO2 significantly increased free amino acid of I1. C2 coupled with I1 significantly reduced nitrate content by 30.9%, 14.9% in 2020 F and 2021 S, respectively. The interaction of C*I was significant in irrigation water−use efficiency (IWUE) and nitrogen−use efficiency (NUE). In particular, C2 coupled with I2 increased IWUE by 40.5%, 18.7% and NUE by 43.9%, 13.9% in the two spring seasons, respectively. Ten indicators from three categories of yield, quality, and efficiency were used to establish the evaluation system of melon and were comprehensively evaluated based on Fuzzy−Borda model combined three single models. Based on the combined evaluation model, intermediate irrigation combined with higher nitrogen input was best for melon production under CO2 enrichment. This finding suggested that melon sustainable production should control irrigation and adequately increase nitrogen fertilizer to trade−off fruit, quality, and efficiency for the expected future higher CO2 concentrations.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Yield rose with higher irrigation.
- Taxon
- melon
.jpg?width=60)
Cucumis melot0 - Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“melon”
e0“yield increased with increasing levels of irrigation and nitrogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield rose with higher nitrogen.
- Taxon
- melonCucumis melot0
- Treatment
- nitrogene0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“melon”
e0“yield increased with increasing levels of irrigation and nitrogen”
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 enrichment increased yield by 10.3 − 22.9%.
- Taxon
- melonCucumis melot0
- Treatment
- enriched CO2e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10.3 − 22.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“melon”
e0“enriched CO2 significantly increased the yield by 10.3 − 22.9%”
Claim · model-written summary
N2 increased the marketable fruit ratio in both spring seasons.
- Taxon
- melonCucumis melot0
- Treatment
- N2e0
- Outcome
- ratio of marketable fruite0
- Direction
- promotinge0
- Qualifier
- two spring seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“melon”
e0“N2 showed a significant promoting effect on the ratio of marketable fruit in the two spring seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Enriched CO2 raised free amino acid under I1.
- Taxon
- melonCucumis melot0
- Treatment
- Enriched CO2e0
- Outcome
- free amino acide0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- I1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“melon”
e0“Enriched CO2 significantly increased free amino acid of I1”
Claim · model-written summary
C2 with I1 reduced nitrate content 30.9% in 2020 F.
- Taxon
- melonCucumis melot0
- Treatment
- C2 coupled with I1e0
- Outcome
- nitrate contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 30.9%e0
- Qualifier
- 2020 Fe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“melon”
e0“C2 coupled with I1 significantly reduced nitrate content by 30.9%, 14.9% in 2020 F and 2021 S, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
C2 with I1 reduced nitrate content 14.9% in 2021 S.
- Taxon
- melonCucumis melot0
- Treatment
- C2 coupled with I1e0
- Outcome
- nitrate contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 14.9%e0
- Qualifier
- 2021 Se0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“melon”
e0“C2 coupled with I1 significantly reduced nitrate content by 30.9%, 14.9% in 2020 F and 2021 S, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 and irrigation interacted significantly for IWUE and NUE.
- Taxon
- melonCucumis melot0
- Treatment
- C*Ie0
- Outcome
- irrigation water−use efficiency (IWUE) and nitrogen−use efficiency (NUE)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“melon”
e0“The interaction of C*I was significant in irrigation water−use efficiency (IWUE) and nitrogen−use efficiency (NUE)”
Claim · model-written summary
C2 with I2 increased IWUE 40.5% in the first spring season.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“melon”
e0“C2 coupled with I2 increased IWUE by 40.5%, 18.7% and NUE by 43.9%, 13.9% in the two spring seasons, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
C2 with I2 increased IWUE 18.7% in the second spring season.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“melon”
e0“C2 coupled with I2 increased IWUE by 40.5%, 18.7% and NUE by 43.9%, 13.9% in the two spring seasons, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
C2 with I2 increased NUE 43.9% in the first spring season.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“melon”
e0“C2 coupled with I2 increased IWUE by 40.5%, 18.7% and NUE by 43.9%, 13.9% in the two spring seasons, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
C2 with I2 increased NUE 13.9% in the second spring season.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“melon”
e0“C2 coupled with I2 increased IWUE by 40.5%, 18.7% and NUE by 43.9%, 13.9% in the two spring seasons, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined model ranked intermediate irrigation with higher nitrogen as best.
- Taxon
- melonCucumis melot0
- Treatment
- intermediate irrigation combined with higher nitrogen inpute0
- Outcome
- best for melon productione0
- Comparator
- CO2 enrichmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“melon”
e0“Based on the combined evaluation model, intermediate irrigation combined with higher nitrogen input was best for melon production under CO2 enrichment”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend controlled irrigation and increased nitrogen fertilizer for future CO2 conditions.
- Taxon
- melonCucumis melot0
- Outcome
- control irrigation and adequately increase nitrogen fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“melon”
e0“melon sustainable production should control irrigation and adequately increase nitrogen fertilizer to trade−off fruit, quality, and efficiency for the expected future higher CO2 concentrations”
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