Abstract
This article presents the results of a 3-year research study into the effect of soil and foliar application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on the taste qualities of the Veniaminovskoe ( Rvi6 ) and Sinap Orlovskii (3×) apple varieties bred at the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK). The assumption that varietal features are the most important factor that determines taste was confirmed. In addition, the influence of weather conditions of the growing season on the chemical composition of fruits was observed. Thus, the year of 2019 was characterized by the most favorable weather conditions of the growing season. In August, during fruit ripening, the optimum temperature and humidity regime had a positive effect on the accumulation of soluble solids, sugars, and titratable acids in both varieties under study. However, the varieties responded differently to the same doses of mineral fertilizers. The application of fertilizers had no significant impact on the content of the studied components and the sugar-acid ratio in Veniaminovskoe fruits. Conversely, Sinap Orlovsky was found to be responsive to this agricultural practice. In 2019, the joint application of triple foliar and soil fertilizing using N 30 K 40 , N 60 K 80 , and N 90 K 120 in various doses had a positive effect on the reduction of titratable acidity in fruits of this variety. As a result, the sugar-acid ratio increased by 1.3–1.9 times. Over the entire study period (2017–2019), a significant decrease in the content of sugars in Sinap Orlovsky fruits was observed in the variant with additional foliar fertilizing compared to the control. During the study period, the high doses of N 90 K 120 nitrogen and potassium fertilizers along with foliar application contributed to a significant increase in the sugar-acid ratio in Sinap Orlovsky fruits, which significantly exceeded the control.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Varietal features were confirmed as the most important determinant of apple taste.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Material
- varietal featurese0
- Outcome
- tastee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The assumption that varietal features are the most important factor that determines taste was confirmed.”
t0“apple varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Growing-season weather influenced fruit chemical composition.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- chemical composition of fruitse0
- Setting
- weather conditions of the growing seasone0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the influence of weather conditions of the growing season on the chemical composition of fruits was observed.”
t0“apple varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Favorable August 2019 temperature and humidity increased soluble solids, sugars and titratable acids in both varieties.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- accumulation of soluble solids, sugars, and titratable acidse0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
- Qualifier
- optimum temperature and humidity regimee0
- Setting
- In August, during fruit ripeninge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In August, during fruit ripening, the optimum temperature and humidity regime had a positive effect on the accumulation of soluble solids, sugars, and titratable acids in both varieties under study.”
t0“apple varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer application had no significant impact on studied fruit components or sugar-acid ratio in Veniaminovskoe.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Veniaminovskoee0
- Treatment
- application of fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- content of the studied components and the sugar-acid ratioe0
- Direction
- no significant impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of fertilizers had no significant impact on the content of the studied components and the sugar-acid ratio in Veniaminovskoe fruits.”
t0“apple varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Sinap Orlovsky responded to mineral fertilizer application.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Sinap Orlovskye0
- Treatment
- mineral fertilizerse1
- Outcome
- responsive to this agricultural practicee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sinap Orlovsky was found to be responsive to this agricultural practice.”
e1“the same doses of mineral fertilizers”
t0“apple varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined foliar and soil N 30 K 40 fertilizing reduced fruit titratable acidity in Sinap Orlovsky in 2019.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Sinap Orlovskye1
- Treatment
- N 30 K 40e0
- Outcome
- titratable aciditye0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Setting
- In 2019e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2019, the joint application of triple foliar and soil fertilizing using N 30 K 40 , N 60 K 80 , and N 90 K 120 in various doses had a positive effect on the reduction of titratable acidity in fruits of this variety.”
e1“Sinap Orlovsky was found to be responsive”
t0“apple varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined foliar and soil N 60 K 80 fertilizing reduced fruit titratable acidity in Sinap Orlovsky in 2019.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Sinap Orlovskye1
- Treatment
- N 60 K 80e0
- Outcome
- titratable aciditye0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Setting
- In 2019e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2019, the joint application of triple foliar and soil fertilizing using N 30 K 40 , N 60 K 80 , and N 90 K 120 in various doses had a positive effect on the reduction of titratable acidity in fruits of this variety.”
e1“Sinap Orlovsky was found to be responsive”
t0“apple varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined foliar and soil N 90 K 120 fertilizing reduced fruit titratable acidity in Sinap Orlovsky in 2019.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Sinap Orlovskye1
- Treatment
- N 90 K 120e0
- Outcome
- titratable aciditye0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Setting
- In 2019e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2019, the joint application of triple foliar and soil fertilizing using N 30 K 40 , N 60 K 80 , and N 90 K 120 in various doses had a positive effect on the reduction of titratable acidity in fruits of this variety.”
e1“Sinap Orlovsky was found to be responsive”
t0“apple varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
The sugar-acid ratio increased 1.3–1.9 times following the combined fertilizer treatments.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Sinap Orlovskye2
- Treatment
- joint application of triple foliar and soil fertilizing using N 30 K 40 , N 60 K 80 , and N 90 K 120e1
- Outcome
- sugar-acid ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.3–1.9 timese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As a result, the sugar-acid ratio increased by 1.3–1.9 times.”
e1“joint application of triple foliar and soil fertilizing using N 30 K 40 , N 60 K 80 , and N 90 K 120”
e2“Sinap Orlovsky was found to be responsive”
t0“apple varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional foliar fertilizing significantly decreased sugars in Sinap Orlovsky fruit compared with control over 2017–2019.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Sinap Orlovskye0
- Treatment
- additional foliar fertilizinge0
- Outcome
- content of sugarse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- 2017–2019e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Over the entire study period (2017–2019), a significant decrease in the content of sugars in Sinap Orlovsky fruits was observed in the variant with additional foliar fertilizing compared to the control.”
t0“apple varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
High N 90 K 120 doses with foliar application significantly increased Sinap Orlovsky fruit sugar-acid ratio over control.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Sinap Orlovskye0
- Treatment
- N 90 K 120 nitrogen and potassium fertilizers along with foliar applicatione0
- Outcome
- sugar-acid ratioe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the high doses of N 90 K 120 nitrogen and potassium fertilizers along with foliar application contributed to a significant increase in the sugar-acid ratio in Sinap Orlovsky fruits, which significantly exceeded the control.”
t0“apple varieties”
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