Abstract
The production of forage legumes under Sub-Saharan region of Eastern Cape Province (South Africa) had been limited by several factors which includes low levels of soil nitrogen and phosphorus. The current study aimed at investigating the effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Rhizobium inoculation on growth and yield of three forage legumes, namely, Vigna unguiculata, Lablab purpureus and Mucuna pruriens. The field trials were established over two growing seasons (2017/2018 and 2018/2019) to measure growth parameters such as seedling survival, plant height, stem diameter and plant vigor as well as mycorrhizal dependency, nodulation and forage yield. The results showed that the dual inoculation of AMF and Rhizobia bacteria significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) seedling survival, plant height, stem diameter, plant vigor, nodule numbers, active nodulation rate and dry matter yield. However, nodule dry weight and dry matter content of forage legumes were significantly reduced by the dual inoculation of AMF and Rhizobia. In conclusion, the dual inoculation resulted in high forage production compared to single inoculation and un-inoculated forages in both seasons. Therefore, the dual inoculation could be an ideal alternative in attempts to reduce the overreliance of chemical fertilizer application on forage production under semi-arid regions.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Dual AMF and Rhizobia inoculation significantly increased seedling survival, plant height and stem diameter.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculata, Lablab purpureus and Mucuna pruriens
Vigna unguiculata
Lablab purpureus.jpg?width=60)
Mucuna pruriense2 - Treatment
- dual inoculation of AMF and Rhizobia bacteriae0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Second interactor
- Rhizobia bacteriae0symbiont
- Outcome
- seedling survival, plant height, stem diametere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- single inoculation and un-inoculated foragese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“dual inoculation of AMF and Rhizobia bacteria significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) seedling survival, plant height, stem diameter, plant vigor, nodule numbers, active nodulation rate and dry matter yield”
e1“compared to single inoculation and un-inoculated forages”
e2“Vigna unguiculata, Lablab purpureus and Mucuna pruriens”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual AMF and Rhizobia inoculation significantly increased plant vigor, nodule numbers and active nodulation rate.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculata, Lablab purpureus and Mucuna pruriensVigna unguiculataLablab purpureusMucuna pruriense2
- Treatment
- dual inoculation of AMF and Rhizobia bacteriae0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Second interactor
- Rhizobia bacteriae0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant vigor, nodule numbers, active nodulation ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- single inoculation and un-inoculated foragese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dual inoculation of AMF and Rhizobia bacteria significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) seedling survival, plant height, stem diameter, plant vigor, nodule numbers, active nodulation rate and dry matter yield”
e1“compared to single inoculation and un-inoculated forages”
e2“Vigna unguiculata, Lablab purpureus and Mucuna pruriens”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual AMF and Rhizobia inoculation significantly increased forage dry matter yield.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculata, Lablab purpureus and Mucuna pruriensVigna unguiculataLablab purpureusMucuna pruriense2
- Treatment
- dual inoculation of AMF and Rhizobia bacteriae0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Second interactor
- Rhizobia bacteriae0symbiont
- Outcome
- dry matter yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- single inoculation and un-inoculated foragese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dual inoculation of AMF and Rhizobia bacteria significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) seedling survival, plant height, stem diameter, plant vigor, nodule numbers, active nodulation rate and dry matter yield”
e1“compared to single inoculation and un-inoculated forages”
e2“Vigna unguiculata, Lablab purpureus and Mucuna pruriens”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual AMF and Rhizobia inoculation significantly reduced nodule dry weight and dry matter content.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculata, Lablab purpureus and Mucuna pruriensVigna unguiculataLablab purpureusMucuna pruriense1
- Treatment
- dual inoculation of AMF and Rhizobiae0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Second interactor
- Rhizobiae0symbiont
- Outcome
- nodule dry weight and dry matter contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nodule dry weight and dry matter content of forage legumes were significantly reduced by the dual inoculation of AMF and Rhizobia”
e1“Vigna unguiculata, Lablab purpureus and Mucuna pruriens”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation produced more forage than single inoculation in both seasons.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculata, Lablab purpureus and Mucuna pruriensVigna unguiculataLablab purpureusMucuna pruriense2
- Treatment
- dual inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- forage productione0
- Direction
- highe0
- Qualifier
- in both seasonse0
- Comparator
- single inoculatione0
RhizobiumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dual inoculation resulted in high forage production compared to single inoculation and un-inoculated forages in both seasons”
e1“Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Rhizobium inoculation”
e2“Vigna unguiculata, Lablab purpureus and Mucuna pruriens”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation produced more forage than uninoculated forage in both seasons.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculata, Lablab purpureus and Mucuna pruriensVigna unguiculataLablab purpureusMucuna pruriense2
- Treatment
- dual inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- forage productione0
- Direction
- highe0
- Qualifier
- in both seasonse0
- Comparator
- un-inoculated foragese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dual inoculation resulted in high forage production compared to single inoculation and un-inoculated forages in both seasons”
e1“Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Rhizobium inoculation”
e2“Vigna unguiculata, Lablab purpureus and Mucuna pruriens”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest dual inoculation as an alternative to reduce chemical fertilizer reliance for forage production in semi-arid regions.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculata, Lablab purpureus and Mucuna pruriensVigna unguiculataLablab purpureusMucuna pruriense1
- Outcome
- reduce the overreliance of chemical fertilizer application on forage productione0
- Setting
- semi-arid regionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dual inoculation could be an ideal alternative in attempts to reduce the overreliance of chemical fertilizer application on forage production under semi-arid regions”
e1“Vigna unguiculata, Lablab purpureus and Mucuna pruriens”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · symbiosis · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results differ
56 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
65 papers more in this group
See all 69 papers →inoculation · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results differ
98 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
112 papers more in this group
See all 116 papers →inoculation · symbiosis · Lablab purpureus (hyacinth bean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
mycorrhiza · symbiosis · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →mycorrhiza · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →inoculation · growth · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
91 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
98 papers more in this group
See all 102 papers →inoculation · yield · Lablab purpureus (hyacinth bean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
inoculation · growth · Mucuna pruriensResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.