Abstract
Many abiotic factors impact the yield and growth of Cannabis sativa (cannabis). Cannabis has been reported to be a bio-accumulator of heavy metals. For growers who are targeting floral production and other byproducts for human consumption, this is a concern. Silicon (Si) has been examined as a beneficial plant element to limit the uptake of heavy metals in a variety of crops. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of Si on heavy metal micronutrient uptake and plant growth for greenhouse-cultivated cannabis at varying Si substrate amendments. ‘Auto CBG’ plants were grown in a 70:30 peat:perlite substrate with one of three varying calcium silicate (CaSiO 3 ) (Si) substrate amendment rates, Si 0X , Si 0.5X , or Si 1X (of 0.0, 1.04, and 2.07 kg⋅m −3 CaSiO 3 ), and one of three micronutrient fertility treatments, M 1X [0.49 boron (B), 0.19 copper (Cu), 4.02 iron (Fe), 0.99 manganese (Mn), 0.01 molybdenum (Mo), and 0.20 zinc (Zn) mg⋅L −1 ], M 2X , or M 4X , using a modified Hoagland’s solution, creating a 3 × 3 factorial. Plants grown with a Si 1X substrate amendment exhibited a significantly lower iron concentration in the foliage and root tissue when compared with those grown in a substrate without Si. After 6 weeks of growth, Si 0X plants that received a M 4X fertility rate exhibited greater foliar micronutrient concentrations of B, Mn, Zn, Fe, and Cu than plants that received a Si substrate amendment when provided a M 4X fertility rate. Additionally, lower micronutrient concentrations in floral tissue were observed in plants that received a Si substrate amendment for M 2X and M 4X when compared with plants that did not. Silicon substrate amendments had no impact on the cannabinoid concentration or plant growth metrics after 12 weeks of growth. This research suggests that using a Si substrate amendment in a greenhouse production system can limit excessive uptake and accumulation of micronutrients in the foliage, roots, and floral material of cannabis without negative impacts on plant growth or cannabinoid concentrations.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Si 1X reduced iron concentration in cannabis foliage relative to no silicon.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa
Cannabis sativat0 - Material
- ‘Auto CBG’t1
- Organ / stage
- foliagee0
- Treatment
- Si 1X substrate amendmente0
- Outcome
- iron concentratione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- substrate without Sie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants grown with a Si 1X substrate amendment exhibited a significantly lower iron concentration in the foliage and root tissue when compared with those grown in a substrate without Si”
t0“Cannabis sativa”
t1“Cannabis sativa ‘Auto CBG’”
Claim · model-written summary
Si 1X reduced iron concentration in cannabis root tissue relative to no silicon.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativaCannabis sativat0
- Material
- ‘Auto CBG’t0
- Organ / stage
- root tissuee0
- Treatment
- Si 1X substrate amendmente0
- Outcome
- iron concentratione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- substrate without Sie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants grown with a Si 1X substrate amendment exhibited a significantly lower iron concentration in the foliage and root tissue when compared with those grown in a substrate without Si”
t0“Cannabis sativa ‘Auto CBG’”
Claim · model-written summary
At M 4X fertility, no-silicon plants had higher foliar B, Mn and Zn concentrations than silicon-amended plants.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativaCannabis sativat0
- Material
- ‘Auto CBG’t0
- Treatment
- Si 0Xe0
- Outcome
- foliar micronutrient concentrations of B, Mn, Zne0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- M 4X fertility ratee0
- Comparator
- Si substrate amendmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si 0X plants that received a M 4X fertility rate exhibited greater foliar micronutrient concentrations of B, Mn, Zn, Fe, and Cu than plants that received a Si substrate amendment when provided a M 4X fertility rate”
t0“Cannabis sativa ‘Auto CBG’”
Claim · model-written summary
At M 4X fertility, no-silicon plants had higher foliar Fe and Cu concentrations than silicon-amended plants.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativaCannabis sativat0
- Material
- ‘Auto CBG’t0
- Treatment
- Si 0Xe0
- Outcome
- Fe, and Cue0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- M 4X fertility ratee0
- Comparator
- Si substrate amendmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si 0X plants that received a M 4X fertility rate exhibited greater foliar micronutrient concentrations of B, Mn, Zn, Fe, and Cu than plants that received a Si substrate amendment when provided a M 4X fertility rate”
t0“Cannabis sativa ‘Auto CBG’”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon amendment lowered cannabis floral micronutrient concentrations at M 2X fertility.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativaCannabis sativat0
- Material
- ‘Auto CBG’t0
- Organ / stage
- floral tissuee0
- Treatment
- Si substrate amendmente0
- Outcome
- micronutrient concentrationse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- M 2Xe0
- Comparator
- plants that did note0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower micronutrient concentrations in floral tissue were observed in plants that received a Si substrate amendment for M 2X and M 4X when compared with plants that did not”
t0“Cannabis sativa ‘Auto CBG’”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon amendment lowered cannabis floral micronutrient concentrations at M 4X fertility.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativaCannabis sativat0
- Material
- ‘Auto CBG’t0
- Organ / stage
- floral tissuee0
- Treatment
- Si substrate amendmente0
- Outcome
- micronutrient concentrationse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- M 4Xe0
- Comparator
- plants that did note0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower micronutrient concentrations in floral tissue were observed in plants that received a Si substrate amendment for M 2X and M 4X when compared with plants that did not”
t0“Cannabis sativa ‘Auto CBG’”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon substrate amendments did not affect cannabis cannabinoid concentration after 12 weeks.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativaCannabis sativat0
- Material
- ‘Auto CBG’t0
- Treatment
- Silicon substrate amendmentse0
- Outcome
- cannabinoid concentratione0
- Direction
- no impacte0
- Qualifier
- after 12 weeks of growthe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silicon substrate amendments had no impact on the cannabinoid concentration or plant growth metrics after 12 weeks of growth.”
t0“Cannabis sativa ‘Auto CBG’”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon substrate amendments did not affect cannabis plant growth metrics after 12 weeks.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativaCannabis sativat0
- Material
- ‘Auto CBG’t0
- Treatment
- Silicon substrate amendmentse0
- Outcome
- plant growth metricse0
- Direction
- no impacte0
- Qualifier
- after 12 weeks of growthe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silicon substrate amendments had no impact on the cannabinoid concentration or plant growth metrics after 12 weeks of growth.”
t0“Cannabis sativa ‘Auto CBG’”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend silicon substrate amendments to limit excessive micronutrient accumulation in cannabis production.
- Material
- ‘Auto CBG’t0
- Treatment
- Si substrate amendmente0
- Outcome
- uptake and accumulation of micronutrientse0
- Setting
- greenhouse production systeme0
CannabisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using a Si substrate amendment in a greenhouse production system can limit excessive uptake and accumulation of micronutrients in the foliage, roots, and floral material of cannabis”
t0“Cannabis sativa ‘Auto CBG’”
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other · molecular: metabolites · Cannabis sativaPositive and negative results
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other · growth · Cannabis sativaPositive and negative results
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See all 8 papers →growing medium · growth · Cannabis sativaPositive and negative results
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See all 9 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.