Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. is widely cultivated for its medicinal and industrial uses, with increasing demand driving research on factors that influence cannabinoid yield and profile. This study examined the combined effects of individualized nutrient solutions and planting density on cannabinoid content and inflorescence yield in a soilless cultivation system. Four treatments were applied: a control (A) and three enhanced treatments (B, C, D). Treatment B received an amino acid biostimulant to potentially enhance nitrogen utilization . Treatment C provided increased phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and iron (Fe) for enhanced energy transfer and stress resilience, and treatment D combined the nutrient compositions of B and C. Nutrient solutions were refreshed weekly and analyzed to monitor elemental composition. Treatments were applied at two planting densities (9 and 27.5 plants/m 2 ). Cannabinoids were extracted and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. The combination of P, K, and Fe in treatment C produced the highest THC concentration (12.3 %) in the inflorescences, outperforming both the control (11.2 %) and treatment D (11.9 %). In contrast, treatment B, which used only the biostimulant, had the lowest THC concentration (9.5 %). Total THC yield per plant also varied significantly. In week 9, treatment C had the highest THC yield (2.81 g), while B had the lowest (1.60 g). By week 12, both treatments C and D reached nearly identical THC yields (5.94 g and 5.97 g), with treatment B still lagging at 3.69 g. This suggests that P, K, and Fe supplementation is critical for maximizing THC yield, while the biostimulant alone was less effective. Higher planting density increased THC concentration in inflorescences but reduced individual plant biomass, while lower density resulted in higher dry inflorescence and total THC yields per square meter. This suggests that cultivating fewer plants per square meter can optimize resource access and increase yield.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment C (P, K and Fe) gave the highest THC concentration in inflorescences, 12.3%, above the control (11.2%) and treatment D (11.9%).
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.
Cannabis sativae0 - Organ / stage
- inflorescencese1
- Treatment
- combination of P, K, and Fe in treatment Ce1
- Outcome
- THC concentratione1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 12.3 %e1
- Qualifier
- control (11.2 %) and treatment D (11.9 %)e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cannabis sativa L.”
e1“The combination of P, K, and Fe in treatment C produced the highest THC concentration (12.3 %) in the inflorescences, outperforming both the control (11.2 %) and treatment D (11.9 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment B (biostimulant only) had the lowest THC concentration, 9.5%.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativae0
- Treatment
- only the biostimulante1
- Outcome
- THC concentratione1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Value
- 9.5 %e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cannabis sativa L.”
e1“treatment B, which used only the biostimulant, had the lowest THC concentration (9.5 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
In week 9 treatment C had the highest THC yield per plant, 2.81 g.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativae0
- Treatment
- treatment Ce1
- Outcome
- THC yielde1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 2.81 ge1
- Qualifier
- week 9e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cannabis sativa L.”
e1“In week 9, treatment C had the highest THC yield (2.81 g)”
Claim · model-written summary
In week 9 treatment B had the lowest THC yield per plant, 1.60 g.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativae0
- Treatment
- Be1
- Outcome
- THC yielde1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Value
- 1.60 ge1
- Qualifier
- week 9e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cannabis sativa L.”
e1“In week 9, treatment C had the highest THC yield (2.81 g), while B had the lowest (1.60 g)”
Claim · model-written summary
By week 12 treatments C and D reached nearly identical THC yields, 5.94 g and 5.97 g.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativae0
- Treatment
- treatments C and De1
- Outcome
- THC yieldse1
- Direction
- nearly identicale1
- Value
- 5.94 g and 5.97 ge1
- Qualifier
- week 12e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cannabis sativa L.”
e1“By week 12, both treatments C and D reached nearly identical THC yields (5.94 g and 5.97 g)”
Claim · model-written summary
By week 12 treatment B still lagged at 3.69 g THC yield.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativae0
- Treatment
- treatment Be1
- Outcome
- THC yieldse1
- Direction
- lagginge1
- Value
- 3.69 ge1
- Qualifier
- week 12e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cannabis sativa L.”
e1“By week 12, both treatments C and D reached nearly identical THC yields (5.94 g and 5.97 g), with treatment B still lagging at 3.69 g”
Claim · model-written summary
Total THC yield per plant varied significantly among treatments.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativae0
- Outcome
- Total THC yield per plante1
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cannabis sativa L.”
e1“Total THC yield per plant also varied significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that P, K and Fe supplementation is critical for maximizing THC yield.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativae0
- Treatment
- P, K, and Fe supplementatione1
- Outcome
- maximizing THC yielde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cannabis sativa L.”
e1“P, K, and Fe supplementation is critical for maximizing THC yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher planting density increased THC concentration in inflorescences.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativae0
- Organ / stage
- inflorescencese1
- Treatment
- Higher planting densitye1
- Outcome
- THC concentratione1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cannabis sativa L.”
e1“Higher planting density increased THC concentration in inflorescences”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher planting density reduced individual plant biomass.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativae0
- Treatment
- Higher planting densitye1
- Outcome
- individual plant biomasse1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cannabis sativa L.”
e1“Higher planting density increased THC concentration in inflorescences but reduced individual plant biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower planting density gave higher dry inflorescence yield and total THC yield per square meter.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativae0
- Treatment
- lower densitye1
- Outcome
- dry inflorescence and total THC yields per square metere1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cannabis sativa L.”
e1“lower density resulted in higher dry inflorescence and total THC yields per square meter”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that cultivating fewer plants per square meter can optimize resource access and increase yield.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativae0
- Treatment
- cultivating fewer plants per square metere1
- Outcome
- increase yielde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cannabis sativa L.”
e1“cultivating fewer plants per square meter can optimize resource access and increase yield”
The same questions in other papers
boron atom · yield · Cannabis sativaResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
phosphorus · molecular: metabolites · Cannabis sativaPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
potassium · molecular: metabolites · Cannabis sativaPositive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
other · molecular: metabolites · Cannabis sativaPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
density · molecular: metabolites · Cannabis sativaPositive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
density · growth · Cannabis sativaPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.