Abstract
Abstract Studying the long‐term effect of elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration ( e [CO 2 ]) on wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) over multiple generations has received increasing attention. Here, five wheat cultivars were grown under ambient CO 2 concentration ( a [CO 2 ], 400 ppm) and e [CO 2 ] (800 ppm), respectively, for three consecutive generations (G1 to G3) under two nitrogen (N) levels (1N and 2N). Compared to plants grown under a [CO 2 ], e [CO 2 ] increased shoot biomass and grain yield (GY) over three generations and the enhancement was greater in G3 than in G1. However, plant N concentration was lowered by e [CO 2 ] and the reduction was not mitigated by higher N supply. The carbon (C) concentration significantly increased in leaf and stem but decreased in grain, indicating an inhibited C translocation to grain under e [CO 2 ]. Most importantly, these negative impacts were exacerbated in G3. Concentrations of mineral nutrients in grain were significantly lowered by e [CO 2 ] with larger reduction in G3 than in G1 in some micronutrients such as Zn, Cu and Fe. These findings suggest that long‐term exposure to e [CO 2 ] sustained the positive effects on plant growth and production but aggravated the reduction of grain quality over multiple generations. Among the five cultivars, 325Jimai showed the greatest increase in shoot biomass and GY, and a greater sink capacity compared with the other cultivars, indicating its potential for future breeding strategies.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased shoot biomass over three generations, more strongly in G3 than G1.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- e [CO 2 ]e0
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- greater in G3 than in G1e0
- Comparator
- a [CO 2 ]e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to plants grown under a [CO 2 ], e [CO 2 ] increased shoot biomass and grain yield (GY) over three generations and the enhancement was greater in G3 than in G1.”
t0“wheat”
t1“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased grain yield over three generations, more strongly in G3 than G1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- e [CO 2 ]e0
- Outcome
- grain yield (GY)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- greater in G3 than in G1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“e [CO 2 ] increased shoot biomass and grain yield (GY) over three generations and the enhancement was greater in G3 than in G1.”
t0“wheat”
t1“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 lowered plant nitrogen concentration despite higher nitrogen supply.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- e [CO 2 ]e0
- Outcome
- plant N concentratione0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Qualifier
- not mitigated by higher N supplye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant N concentration was lowered by e [CO 2 ] and the reduction was not mitigated by higher N supply.”
t0“wheat”
t1“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 significantly increased leaf and stem carbon concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leaf and steme0
- Outcome
- carbon (C) concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The carbon (C) concentration significantly increased in leaf and stem but decreased in grain”
t0“wheat”
t1“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased grain carbon concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Outcome
- carbon (C) concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The carbon (C) concentration significantly increased in leaf and stem but decreased in grain”
t0“wheat”
t1“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer inhibited carbon translocation to grain under elevated CO2, worse in G3.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- e [CO 2 ]e0
- Outcome
- C translocation to graine0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- exacerbated in G3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indicating an inhibited C translocation to grain under e [CO 2 ]. Most importantly, these negative impacts were exacerbated in G3.”
t0“wheat”
t1“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 significantly lowered grain mineral nutrients, with larger G3 reductions for zinc, copper and iron.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- e [CO 2 ]e0
- Outcome
- Concentrations of mineral nutrients in graine0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Qualifier
- larger reduction in G3 than in G1 in some micronutrients such as Zn, Cu and Fee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of mineral nutrients in grain were significantly lowered by e [CO 2 ] with larger reduction in G3 than in G1 in some micronutrients such as Zn, Cu and Fe.”
t0“wheat”
t1“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
325Jimai had the largest CO2-driven biomass and grain-yield increase among cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- 325Jimaie0
- Outcome
- shoot biomass and GYe0
- Direction
- greatest increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“325Jimai showed the greatest increase in shoot biomass and GY”
t0“wheat”
t1“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
325Jimai had greater sink capacity than the other cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- 325Jimaie0
- Outcome
- sink capacitye0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- other cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“325Jimai showed the greatest increase in shoot biomass and GY, and a greater sink capacity compared with the other cultivars”
t0“wheat”
t1“wheat”
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See all 203 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.