Abstract
The humid tropics is characterized by wet-dry seasonal transitions, irrigation has the potential for building adaptation and resilience to climate stress for enhancing crop performance. A field trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dry season irrigation regimes on water use, root zone moisture dynamics and yield of cacao in a rainforest zone of Nigeria. Irrigation amounts computed as EPan x Pan coefficients were based on cumulative class A Pan evaporation. Irrigation treatments were coded as IrT1 (EPan x 1,0), IrT2 (EPan x 0.7) and IrT3 (EPan x 0.5). Irrigation water was applied 5-days interval and discharged via point source emitters (2.8 l/h discharge rate ) on drip lines laterally installed per row of trees. Mean irrigation requirements were 4.49 mm (9.81:9.6 l/tree/day), 3.14 mm (7.06:6.8 l/tree/day) and 2.44 mm (5.49: 4.8 l/tree/day) while total seasonal water applied were 121.19, 84.83 and 60.59 l/tree for IrT1, IrT2 and IrT3 respectively. Mean soil moisture contents and cacao evapotranspiration (ETc) were 52, 45 and 28 % and 4.54, 3.19 and 2.32 mm/day while evaporation from soil area wetted by emitters (EWz) were 5.65, 2.82 and 0.19 mm/day for respective IrT1, IrT2 and IrT3. The deficit irrigation strategies (IrT2 and 31 IrT3) imposed soil moisture deficit stress on cacao and produced lower pod and bean yields, it however enhanced water use efficiencies (25 and 44 %) and 30 and 50 % water savings. The study established suitable Pan coefficients for scheduling irrigation for cacao yield enhancement and drought (climate stress) amelioration.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
IrT1, IrT2 and IrT3 had mean irrigation requirements of 4.49, 3.14 and 2.44 mm, respectively.
- Taxon
- cacao
Theobroma cacaot0 - Outcome
- Mean irrigation requirementse0
- Value
- 4.49 mm (9.81:9.6 l/tree/day), 3.14 mm (7.06:6.8 l/tree/day) and 2.44 mm (5.49: 4.8 l/tree/day)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean irrigation requirements were 4.49 mm (9.81:9.6 l/tree/day), 3.14 mm (7.06:6.8 l/tree/day) and 2.44 mm (5.49: 4.8 l/tree/day)”
t0“Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seasonal water applied was 121.19, 84.83 and 60.59 l/tree for IrT1, IrT2 and IrT3.
- Taxon
- cacaoTheobroma cacaot0
- Outcome
- total seasonal water appliede0
- Value
- 121.19, 84.83 and 60.59 l/treee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total seasonal water applied were 121.19, 84.83 and 60.59 l/tree for IrT1, IrT2 and IrT3 respectively”
t0“Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean soil moisture contents were 52, 45 and 28% for IrT1, IrT2 and IrT3.
- Taxon
- cacaoTheobroma cacaoe0
- Outcome
- Mean soil moisture contentse0
- Value
- 52, 45 and 28 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean soil moisture contents and cacao evapotranspiration (ETc) were 52, 45 and 28 % and 4.54, 3.19 and 2.32 mm/day”
Claim · model-written summary
Cacao evapotranspiration was 4.54, 3.19 and 2.32 mm/day across the three regimes.
- Taxon
- cacaoTheobroma cacaoe0
- Outcome
- cacao evapotranspiration (ETc)e0
- Value
- 4.54, 3.19 and 2.32 mm/daye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cacao evapotranspiration (ETc) were 52, 45 and 28 % and 4.54, 3.19 and 2.32 mm/day”
Claim · model-written summary
Evaporation from wetted soil was 5.65, 2.82 and 0.19 mm/day across the three regimes.
- Taxon
- cacaoTheobroma cacaot0
- Outcome
- evaporation from soil area wetted by emitters (EWz)e0
- Value
- 5.65, 2.82 and 0.19 mm/daye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“evaporation from soil area wetted by emitters (EWz) were 5.65, 2.82 and 0.19 mm/day”
t0“Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation imposed soil moisture deficit stress on cacao.
- Taxon
- cacaoTheobroma cacaoe0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigation strategies (IrT2 and 31 IrT3)e0
- Outcome
- soil moisture deficit stresse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The deficit irrigation strategies (IrT2 and 31 IrT3) imposed soil moisture deficit stress on cacao”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation produced lower cacao pod and bean yields.
- Taxon
- cacaoTheobroma cacaoe0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigation strategies (IrT2 and 31 IrT3)e0
- Outcome
- pod and bean yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The deficit irrigation strategies (IrT2 and 31 IrT3) imposed soil moisture deficit stress on cacao and produced lower pod and bean yields”
Claim · model-written summary
The deficit irrigation strategies enhanced water use efficiencies by 25 and 44%.
- Taxon
- cacaoTheobroma cacaoe0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigation strategiese0
- Outcome
- water use efficienciese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 25 and 44 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The deficit irrigation strategies (IrT2 and 31 IrT3) imposed soil moisture deficit stress on cacao and produced lower pod and bean yields, it however enhanced water use efficiencies (25 and 44 %) and 30 and 50 % water savings”
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