Abstract
The extensive use of chemical fertilizers poses serious collateral problems such as environmental pollution, pest resistance development and food safety decline. Researches focused on applying plant-beneficial microorganisms to partially replace chemical fertilizer use is increasing due to the requirement of sustainable agriculture development. Thus to investigate the possibility of a plant beneficial Trichoderma strain and its bio-organic fertilizer product in saving chemical fertilizer application and in improving crop quality, a field trial and continuous pot experiments were carried out with tomato. Four treatments were set up: a reduced application of chemical fertilizer (75% of the conventional application) plus Trichoderma-enriched bio-organic fertilizer (BF), organic fertilizer (OF) or Trichoderma spore suspension (SS), with using the 100% rate of the conventional chemical fertilizer as the control (CF). The results showed that the total soluble sugar, Vitamin C and nitrate accumulations were, respectively, +up to 24%, +up to 57% and –up to 62% in the tomatoes of the BF treatment compared to those of the control (CF). And both of the pot and field trials revealed that reduced rates of chemical fertilizer plus bio-organic fertilizer produced tomato yields equivalent to those obtained using the 100% of the chemical fertilizer. However, application with the inoculant alone (SS) or combined with the organic fertilizer alone (OF) would lead to a yield decreases of 6–38% and 9–35% over the control. Since the increased abundance of soil microfora and the enhanced soil fertility frequently showed positive linear correlations especially in the BF-treated soils, we conclude that the efficacy of this bioorganic fertilizer for maintaining a stable tomato yield and improving tomato quality may be due to the improved soil microbial activity. Thus, the results suggest that the Trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer could be employed in combination with the appropriate rates of chemical fertilizers to get maximum benefits regarding yield, quality and fertilizer savings.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
BF treatment raised tomato total soluble sugar by up to 24 percent.
- Taxon
- tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- BF treatmente0
- Outcome
- total soluble sugare0
- Direction
- +up toe0
- Value
- 24%e0
- Comparator
- control (CF)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total soluble sugar, Vitamin C and nitrate accumulations were, respectively, +up to 24%, +up to 57% and –up to 62% in the tomatoes of the BF treatment compared to those of the control (CF)”
Claim · model-written summary
BF treatment raised tomato Vitamin C by up to 57 percent.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- BF treatmente0
- Outcome
- Vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- +up toe0
- Value
- 57%e0
- Comparator
- control (CF)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total soluble sugar, Vitamin C and nitrate accumulations were, respectively, +up to 24%, +up to 57% and –up to 62% in the tomatoes of the BF treatment compared to those of the control (CF)”
Claim · model-written summary
BF treatment lowered tomato nitrate accumulation by up to 62 percent.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- BF treatmente0
- Outcome
- nitrate accumulationse0
- Direction
- –up toe0
- Value
- 62%e0
- Comparator
- control (CF)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total soluble sugar, Vitamin C and nitrate accumulations were, respectively, +up to 24%, +up to 57% and –up to 62% in the tomatoes of the BF treatment compared to those of the control (CF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced chemical fertilizer plus bio-organic fertilizer maintained tomato yields equal to full chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- reduced rates of chemical fertilizer plus bio-organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- tomato yieldse0
- Direction
- equivalente0
- Comparator
- 100% of the chemical fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced rates of chemical fertilizer plus bio-organic fertilizer produced tomato yields equivalent to those obtained using the 100% of the chemical fertilizer”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
SS treatment reduced yield by 6–38 percent relative to control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- inoculant alone (SS)e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Value
- 6–38%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculant alone (SS) or combined with the organic fertilizer alone (OF) would lead to a yield decreases of 6–38% and 9–35% over the control”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
OF treatment reduced yield by 9–35 percent relative to control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizer alone (OF)e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Value
- 9–35%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculant alone (SS) or combined with the organic fertilizer alone (OF) would lead to a yield decreases of 6–38% and 9–35% over the control”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil microflora abundance and soil fertility were positively correlated, particularly with BF.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- soil fertilitye0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Qualifier
- abundance of soil microforae0
- Setting
- BF-treated soilse0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased abundance of soil microfora and the enhanced soil fertility frequently showed positive linear correlations especially in the BF-treated soils”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute stable tomato yield and improved quality partly to improved soil microbial activity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- stable tomato yield and improving tomato qualitye0
- Qualifier
- improved soil microbial activitye0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maintaining a stable tomato yield and improving tomato quality may be due to the improved soil microbial activity”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer with appropriate chemical fertilizer rates.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- Trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer could be employed in combination with the appropriate rates of chemical fertilizerse0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer could be employed in combination with the appropriate rates of chemical fertilizers to get maximum benefits regarding yield, quality and fertilizer savings”
t0“tomato”
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