Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Abstract

During the Rabi season of 2018-19, a field experiment was undertaken at Vivekananda Global University's Research Farm in Jaipur to investigate the "Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." The experiment followed a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments consisting of nine treatment combinations viz., 100% RDF (T1), 100% RDF + vermicompost 2.5 t ha-1 (T2), 100% RDF + vermicompost 2.5 t ha-1 + Azotobacter (T3), 75% RDF (T4), 75% RDF + vermicompost 2.5 t ha-1 (T5), 75% RDF + vermicompost 2.5 t ha-1 + Azotobacter (T6), 50% RDF (T7), 50% RDF + vermicompost 2.5 t ha-1 (T8) and 50% RDF + vermicompost 2.5 t ha-1 + Azotobacter (T9) were applied to the barley var. RD-2035. The experimental results demonstrated that several integrated nutrient treatments greatly boosted barley growth, yield characteristics and yield, quality, and economics. With the application of 100% RDF + vermicompost 2.5 t ha-1 + Azotobacter (T3), the maximum plant height at 60 DAS and 90 DAS, total number of tillers at 60 DAS and 90 DAS, effective number of tillers, ear length, number of grains ear-1, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield, and nitrogen content in grain and straw of barley were obtained. However, the application of 100% RDF yielded the significantly largest net returns and B: C ratio of barley (T1).

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Claims 6

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The integrated treatment 100% RDF + vermicompost + Azotobacter (T3) gave the maximum plant height at 60 and 90 DAS.

Taxon: barleyHordeum vulgaret0
Treatment: 100% RDF + vermicompost 2.5 t ha-1 + Azotobacter (T3)e1
Interactor: AzotobacterAzotobactere1symbiont
Outcome: plant height at 60 DAS and 90 DASe1
Direction: maximume1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Hordeum vulgare* · TaxonJackyM59 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

*Azotobacter* · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)DAN H. JONES · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0
“Growth and Yield of Barley”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 44–70 · show in text ↑

e1
“With the application of 100% RDF + vermicompost 2.5 t ha-1 + Azotobacter (T3), the maximum plant height at 60 DAS and 90 DAS”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 920–1044 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The integrated treatment T3 gave the maximum total number of tillers at 60 and 90 DAS and the maximum effective number of tillers.

Taxon: barleyHordeum vulgaret0
Treatment: 100% RDF + vermicompost 2.5 t ha-1 + Azotobacter (T3)e1
Interactor: AzotobacterAzotobactere1symbiont
Outcome: total number of tillers at 60 DAS and 90 DASe2
Direction: maximume1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“Growth and Yield of Barley”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 44–70 · show in text ↑

e1
“With the application of 100% RDF + vermicompost 2.5 t ha-1 + Azotobacter (T3), the maximum plant height at 60 DAS and 90 DAS”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 920–1044 · show in text ↑

e2
“total number of tillers at 60 DAS and 90 DAS, effective number of tillers”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1046–1119 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The integrated treatment T3 gave the maximum ear length, number of grains per ear, and grain yield.

Taxon: barleyHordeum vulgaret0
Treatment: 100% RDF + vermicompost 2.5 t ha-1 + Azotobacter (T3)e1
Interactor: AzotobacterAzotobactere1symbiont
Outcome: ear length, number of grains ear-1, grain yielde3
Direction: maximume1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“Growth and Yield of Barley”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 44–70 · show in text ↑

e1
“With the application of 100% RDF + vermicompost 2.5 t ha-1 + Azotobacter (T3), the maximum plant height at 60 DAS and 90 DAS”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 920–1044 · show in text ↑

e3
“ear length, number of grains ear-1, grain yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1121–1168 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The integrated treatment T3 gave the maximum straw yield and biological yield.

Taxon: barleyHordeum vulgaret0
Treatment: 100% RDF + vermicompost 2.5 t ha-1 + Azotobacter (T3)e1
Interactor: AzotobacterAzotobactere1symbiont
Outcome: straw yield, biological yielde4
Direction: maximume1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“Growth and Yield of Barley”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 44–70 · show in text ↑

e1
“With the application of 100% RDF + vermicompost 2.5 t ha-1 + Azotobacter (T3), the maximum plant height at 60 DAS and 90 DAS”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 920–1044 · show in text ↑

e4
“straw yield, biological yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1170–1199 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The integrated treatment T3 gave the maximum nitrogen content in grain and straw.

Taxon: barleyHordeum vulgaret0
Treatment: 100% RDF + vermicompost 2.5 t ha-1 + Azotobacter (T3)e1
Interactor: AzotobacterAzotobactere1symbiont
Outcome: nitrogen content in grain and strawe5
Direction: maximume1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“Growth and Yield of Barley”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 44–70 · show in text ↑

e1
“With the application of 100% RDF + vermicompost 2.5 t ha-1 + Azotobacter (T3), the maximum plant height at 60 DAS and 90 DAS”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 920–1044 · show in text ↑

e5
“nitrogen content in grain and straw of barley were obtained”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1205–1264 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

100% RDF alone gave the significantly largest net returns and benefit-cost ratio.

Taxon: barleyHordeum vulgaret0
Treatment: 100% RDFe6
Outcome: net returns and B: C ratioe6
Direction: largeste6

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“Growth and Yield of Barley”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 44–70 · show in text ↑

e6
“the application of 100% RDF yielded the significantly largest net returns and B: C ratio of barley (T1)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1275–1378 · show in text ↑

Azotobacter · nutrient: content · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree

3 papers: 3 positive, 0 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper

See all 3 papers →

Azotobacter · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree

11 papers: 11 positive, 0 negative or no effect

10 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Dual inoculation gave the greatest plant height relative to no inoculation.
Effects of inoculation with Azotobacter Chroococcum and Pseudomonas putida on yield and some of the important agronomic traits in barley (Hordeum vulgar L.) · 2013 · compared with non-inoculation treatment
Same direction
positive
Combined Mycorrhiza and Azotobacter gave greatest plant height in the first season.
Response of Barley to Bio Fertilization with Mycorrhiza and Azotobacter under Supplemental Irrigation Conditions at the North Western Coast of Egypt · 2019
Same direction
positive
Bacillus with macroalgae extract significantly enhanced barley shoot length by 22.9–25.7% compared with the control.
Single and co-inoculation of biofilm-forming rhizobacteria with macroalgae extract increase barley productivity in organic matter-limited soil · 2024 · compared with control
Same direction

7 papers more in this group

See all 11 papers →

Azotobacter · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree

19 papers: 19 positive, 0 negative or no effect

18 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Azotobacter plus PSB increased barley grain yield by 20.09%.
Influence of INM on yield and nutrient uptake in sorghum-barley cropping sequence · 2018 · compared with no inoculation
Same directionCited by this paper
positive
Dual Azotobacter and Pseudomonas inoculation gave the highest grain yield, harvest index and biological yield relative to no inoculation.
Effects of inoculation with Azotobacter Chroococcum and Pseudomonas putida on yield and some of the important agronomic traits in barley (Hordeum vulgar L.) · 2013 · compared with non-inoculation treatment
Same direction
positive
N at 80 kg/ha with both bacterial inoculants significantly increased barley height and tiller number.
Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen and Biofertilizers on Growth and Yield of Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) · 2013
Same direction

15 papers more in this group

See all 19 papers →

fertilization · nutrient: content · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results

120 papers: 96 positive, 24 negative or no effect

95 papers in the same direction as this paper · 21 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

positive
Full NPK improved barley N uptake by 31.98%.
Influence of INM on yield and nutrient uptake in sorghum-barley cropping sequence · 2018 · compared with control
Same directionCited by this paper
no effect
Foliar selenium did not increase total or available soil selenium after harvest even at the highest doses.
Agronomic selenium biofortification of two-rowed barley under Mediterranean conditions · 2013
Opposite direction
no effect
Fertilizer application had no effect on grain calcium and magnesium concentrations.
Effect of long-term fertilizer application on yield and concentrations of elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) in grain of spring barley · 2013
Opposite direction

116 papers more in this group

See all 120 papers →

fertilization · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results

165 papers: 138 positive, 27 negative or no effect

137 papers in the same direction as this paper · 25 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
Manure lowered barley dry weight relative to mineral fertilizer.
Manure, Tillage, and Crop Rotation: Effects on Residual Weed Interference in Spring Barley Cropping Systems · 1998 · compared with mineral fertilizer
Opposite direction
negative
Nitrogen fertilizer had a decreasing effect on the size and weight of barley grains.
Effect of rotation system and N fertilizer on barley and vetch grown in various crop combinations and cycle lengths · 2004
Opposite direction
no effect
N fertilization did not affect barley root growth.
Root Growth of Barley as Affected by Tillage Systems and Nitrogen Fertilization in a Semiarid Mediterranean Agroecosystem · 2011
Opposite direction

161 papers more in this group

See all 165 papers →

fertilization · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results

550 papers: 473 positive, 77 negative or no effect

472 papers in the same direction as this paper · 66 in the opposite direction · 11 reporting no difference from an alternative

positive
FYM raised barley grain yield by 16.40%.
Influence of INM on yield and nutrient uptake in sorghum-barley cropping sequence · 2018 · compared with control
Same directionCited by this paper
no effect
Neither phosphorus application nor mycorrhizal inoculation increased tiller number.
Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Phosphorus Fertilization on Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Barley Grown on Soils with Different Levels of Salts · 2003
Opposite direction
negative
N fertilizer reduced relative yield totals.
Root and Shoot Interactions Between Barley and Field Beans When Intercropped · 1982
Opposite direction

546 papers more in this group

See all 550 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 6

The same questions in other papers

Azotobacter · nutrient: content · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree

Azotobacter · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree

Azotobacter · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree

fertilization · nutrient: content · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results

fertilization · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results

fertilization · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results