Abstract
Maximizing food production under adverse conditions is a major challenge to food security and sustainability in the face of population growth and climatic change. The use of amendments applied as a supplement under adverse conditions may play a significant role in the mitigation of biotic and abiotic stress. This study aimed to explore the morpho-physio-biochemical changes in chili in response to cadmium (Cd) stress. The present study investigated the effects of foliar-applied selenium (Na2SeO4) (3 µM) and soil-applied humic acid (250 mg kg−1 w/w soil) in the sole and synergistic form under varying levels of cadmium stress (0, 2, and 4 mM using CdCl2) in chili. Results revealed that a linear decrease was noticed in the growth, biomass, and phenological attributes of chili plants by increasing the Cd stress. More reduction was noticed at the higher levels of Cd stress as compared to control due lowering plant dry weight (18.15 and 39.67%), relative water content (RWC) (10.73 and 24.17%), total chlorophyll concentrations (16.01 and 31.44%) and increased electrolyte leakage (49.44 and 129.35%) and malonaldehyde contents (MDA) (68.41 and 104.04%). Dry biomass significantly increased with humic acid and selenium treatments, regardless of cadmium level. The reduced enzymatic activities associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification, underscores the pivotal role of Se and humic acid in maintaining redox homeostasis. The combined effect of selenium and humic acid proved better results as compared to the sole application in minimizing Cd uptake in roots and fruit. This study demonstrates that the application of humic acid and selenium activates physio-biochemical defense responses against cadmium stress in chili plants and provides significant pavement for the cultivation of chili in cadmium-containing soils with a target of high-yielding and quality.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Cd stress linearly decreased growth, biomass and phenological attributes of chili
Verbatim
e1“a linear decrease was noticed in the growth, biomass, and phenological attributes of chili plants by increasing the Cd stress”
e2“as compared to control”
t0“Humic Acid and Selenium Supplementation Modulate the Growth and Antioxidant Potential of Chili under Cadmium Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher Cd stress reduced chili plant dry weight by 18.15 and 39.67%
Verbatim
e2“More reduction was noticed at the higher levels of Cd stress as compared to control due lowering plant dry weight (18.15 and 39.67%), relative water content (RWC) (10.73 and 24.17%), total chlorophyll concentrations (16.01 and 31.44%) and increased electrolyte leakage (49.44 and 129.35%) and malonaldehyde contents (MDA) (68.41 and 104.04%)”
t0“Humic Acid and Selenium Supplementation Modulate the Growth and Antioxidant Potential of Chili under Cadmium Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher Cd stress reduced relative water content of chili by 10.73 and 24.17%
Verbatim
e2“More reduction was noticed at the higher levels of Cd stress as compared to control due lowering plant dry weight (18.15 and 39.67%), relative water content (RWC) (10.73 and 24.17%), total chlorophyll concentrations (16.01 and 31.44%) and increased electrolyte leakage (49.44 and 129.35%) and malonaldehyde contents (MDA) (68.41 and 104.04%)”
t0“Humic Acid and Selenium Supplementation Modulate the Growth and Antioxidant Potential of Chili under Cadmium Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher Cd stress reduced total chlorophyll concentrations of chili by 16.01 and 31.44%
Verbatim
e2“More reduction was noticed at the higher levels of Cd stress as compared to control due lowering plant dry weight (18.15 and 39.67%), relative water content (RWC) (10.73 and 24.17%), total chlorophyll concentrations (16.01 and 31.44%) and increased electrolyte leakage (49.44 and 129.35%) and malonaldehyde contents (MDA) (68.41 and 104.04%)”
t0“Humic Acid and Selenium Supplementation Modulate the Growth and Antioxidant Potential of Chili under Cadmium Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher Cd stress increased electrolyte leakage of chili by 49.44 and 129.35%
Verbatim
e2“More reduction was noticed at the higher levels of Cd stress as compared to control due lowering plant dry weight (18.15 and 39.67%), relative water content (RWC) (10.73 and 24.17%), total chlorophyll concentrations (16.01 and 31.44%) and increased electrolyte leakage (49.44 and 129.35%) and malonaldehyde contents (MDA) (68.41 and 104.04%)”
t0“Humic Acid and Selenium Supplementation Modulate the Growth and Antioxidant Potential of Chili under Cadmium Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher Cd stress increased malonaldehyde contents of chili by 68.41 and 104.04%
Verbatim
e2“More reduction was noticed at the higher levels of Cd stress as compared to control due lowering plant dry weight (18.15 and 39.67%), relative water content (RWC) (10.73 and 24.17%), total chlorophyll concentrations (16.01 and 31.44%) and increased electrolyte leakage (49.44 and 129.35%) and malonaldehyde contents (MDA) (68.41 and 104.04%)”
t0“Humic Acid and Selenium Supplementation Modulate the Growth and Antioxidant Potential of Chili under Cadmium Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid and selenium treatments significantly increased chili dry biomass regardless of cadmium level
- Taxon
- Chilit0
- Treatment
- humic acid and selenium treatmentse4
- Outcome
- Dry biomasse4
- Direction
- significantly increasede4
- Qualifier
- regardless of cadmium levele4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e4“Dry biomass significantly increased with humic acid and selenium treatments, regardless of cadmium level”
t0“Humic Acid and Selenium Supplementation Modulate the Growth and Antioxidant Potential of Chili under Cadmium Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Enzymatic activities associated with ROS detoxification were reduced in chili under cadmium stress
Verbatim
e5“The reduced enzymatic activities associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification”
t0“Humic Acid and Selenium Supplementation Modulate the Growth and Antioxidant Potential of Chili under Cadmium Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined selenium and humic acid minimized Cd uptake in roots and fruit better than either applied alone
Verbatim
e6“The combined effect of selenium and humic acid proved better results as compared to the sole application in minimizing Cd uptake in roots and fruit”
t0“Humic Acid and Selenium Supplementation Modulate the Growth and Antioxidant Potential of Chili under Cadmium Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of humic acid and selenium activates physio-biochemical defense responses of chili against cadmium stress
- Taxon
- Chilit0
- Treatment
- application of humic acid and seleniume7
- Outcome
- physio-biochemical defense responsese7
- Direction
- activatese7
- Qualifier
- against cadmium stresse7
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e7“This study demonstrates that the application of humic acid and selenium activates physio-biochemical defense responses against cadmium stress in chili plants”
t0“Humic Acid and Selenium Supplementation Modulate the Growth and Antioxidant Potential of Chili under Cadmium Stress”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · quality: phytochemicals · Capsicum (peppers)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
cadmium atom · growth · Capsicum (peppers)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
selenium atom · nutrient: content · Capsicum (peppers)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
cadmium atom · physiology: pigments · Capsicum (peppers)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
selenium atom · growth · Capsicum (peppers)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
other · nutrient: content · Capsicum (peppers)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →heavy metal · growth · Capsicum (peppers)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
heavy metal · physiology: pigments · Capsicum (peppers)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.