Abstract
Understanding the component traits determining salt stress tolerance is a major breeding target in wheat. The lack of genetic resources suited to salt-affected regions and the complexity of the traits involved impede progress in breeding salt-tolerant wheat varieties. This study was conducted with four bread wheats, namely (Triticum aestivum) Kharchia-65 (K-65), BT-Schomburgk (BTS), HD-2687, and HD-3298. Treatments were imposed on plants with varying electrical conductivity (control, 5 dS m−1, 10 dS m−1, and 15 dS m−1) with a combination of three different salts NaCl, CaCl2·2H2O, and Na2SO4. We evaluated variations in root system architecture, canopy temperature (depicted as a thermal image), reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, and leaf stomatal density in response to incremental doses of salt stress in a hydroponic experiment. As the plants were sampled after short-term exposure to stress (within 3 weeks of stress imposition), the plants were expected to be in a quiescent state. Due to the osmotic effect, the growth of the plants was compromised, and the associated decrease in stomatal conductance increased the canopy temperature. ROS accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity did not follow a definite pattern. The antioxidant system’s tolerance to ROS comes into action much later in the tolerance mechanism. That could probably be the reason behind the varied response in ROS accumulation and antioxidant enzymes after short-term exposure to salt stress. Thermal images could effectively differentiate between salt-tolerant (K65) and sensitive (HD2687) genotypes. The variation in Na+/K+ ratio also suggested a genotypic variation in salt tolerance. The genotypes of K-65 maintained a better root system, while HD2687 showed severe reduction in root biomass and other root traits under salt stress. The PCA data also point out genotypic variation in lateral and main root traits in response to different salt stress levels. For salt tolerance in wheat, the main contributing root traits were total root length, total surface area, total root volume, tips, and other main, lateral root traits. The idea of differential control of RSA dynamics is novel and can be further explored to understand natural variation in salt stress tolerance.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
ROS accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity did not follow a definite pattern under salt stress.
- Taxon
- bread wheats
Triticum aestivume0 - Outcome
- ROS accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study was conducted with four bread wheats”
e1“ROS accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity did not follow a definite pattern”
Claim · model-written summary
Thermal images differentiated the salt-tolerant K65 from the sensitive HD2687 genotype.
- Taxon
- bread wheatsTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- K65e2
- Outcome
- Thermal imagese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study was conducted with four bread wheats”
e2“Thermal images could effectively differentiate between salt-tolerant (K65) and sensitive (HD2687) genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, K-65 maintained a better root system than HD2687.
- Taxon
- bread wheatsTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- K-65e3
- Treatment
- salt stresse3
- Outcome
- root systeme3
- Direction
- bettere3
- Comparator
- HD2687e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study was conducted with four bread wheats”
e3“The genotypes of K-65 maintained a better root system, while HD2687 showed severe reduction in root biomass and other root traits under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
HD2687 showed severe reduction in root biomass under salt stress.
- Taxon
- bread wheatsTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- HD2687e3
- Treatment
- salt stresse3
- Outcome
- root biomasse3
- Direction
- severe reductione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study was conducted with four bread wheats”
e3“The genotypes of K-65 maintained a better root system, while HD2687 showed severe reduction in root biomass and other root traits under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The Na+/K+ ratio varied among genotypes, suggesting genotypic variation in salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- bread wheatsTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- Na+/K+ ratioe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study was conducted with four bread wheats”
e4“The variation in Na+/K+ ratio also suggested a genotypic variation in salt tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotypic variation in lateral and main root traits appeared across salt stress levels.
- Taxon
- bread wheatsTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- lateral and main root traitse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study was conducted with four bread wheats”
e5“The PCA data also point out genotypic variation in lateral and main root traits in response to different salt stress levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Total root length, total surface area, total root volume and tips were the main contributing root traits for salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- bread wheatsTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- main contributing root traitse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study was conducted with four bread wheats”
e6“the main contributing root traits were total root length, total surface area, total root volume, tips, and other main, lateral root traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth of the plants was compromised under salt stress.
- Taxon
- bread wheatsTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- growth of the plantse7
- Direction
- compromisede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study was conducted with four bread wheats”
e7“Due to the osmotic effect, the growth of the plants was compromised, and the associated decrease in stomatal conductance increased the canopy temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreased stomatal conductance is associated with increased canopy temperature under salt stress.
- Taxon
- bread wheatsTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- canopy temperaturee7
- Qualifier
- decrease in stomatal conductancee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study was conducted with four bread wheats”
e7“Due to the osmotic effect, the growth of the plants was compromised, and the associated decrease in stomatal conductance increased the canopy temperature”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
48 papers in the same direction as this paper · 327 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
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