Abstract
Currently, losses in crop yields caused by Ralstonia solanacearum have led to the overuse of synthetic pesticides, which are toxic and non-biodegradable hence detrimental to the environment. This study, therefore, investigated the in vivo antibacterial activity of ethanolic and hexane extracts from Tithonia diversifolia against R. solanacearum in tomatoes. Extraction was performed using the maceration method followed by evaluation of the extraction yields. During the in vivo greenhouse experiments, the antibacterial activity of the hexane and ethanolic extracts against R. solanacearum was performed using the root inoculation method while pathogenicity of the R. solanacearum strains to the susceptible Rio Grande 7-day-old tomato seedlings was investigated using root inoculation method under gnotobiotic conditions. The highest extraction yield of 2.8 ± 0.22 % w/w was observed in the ethanolic extracts of T. diversifolia, based on a dry weight basis. In vivo greenhouse experiments revealed that ethanolic extracts of T. diversifolia gave a percentage disease severity of 24 ± 2.6% in the leaves and 32 ± 3.1 % in the flowers as compared to metham sodium (positive control), which gave a disease severity of 16 ± 2.2 % (p ˂ 0.01). Based on these findings, utilization of T. diversifolia ethanolic extracts is hereby fronted as efficient, cheap, and potent biopesticides for the effective control of R. solanacearum in tomato plants.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanolic extracts of T. diversifolia gave higher disease severity on tomato leaves than metham sodium, 24% against 16%.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume3 - Organ / stage
- leavese4
- Treatment
- ethanolic extracts of T. diversifoliae4
- Interactor
- R. solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearume3pathogen - Outcome
- disease severitye4
- Direction
- higherinferrede4
- Value
- 24 ± 2.6%e4
- Comparator
- metham sodium (positive control)e5
- Setting
- greenhouse experimentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“This study, therefore, investigated the in vivo antibacterial activity of ethanolic and hexane extracts from Tithonia diversifolia against R. solanacearum in tomatoes”
e4“In vivo greenhouse experiments revealed that ethanolic extracts of T. diversifolia gave a percentage disease severity of 24 ± 2.6% in the leaves”
e5“32 ± 3.1 % in the flowers as compared to metham sodium (positive control), which gave a disease severity of 16 ± 2.2 % (p ˂ 0.01)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanolic extracts of T. diversifolia gave higher disease severity on tomato flowers than metham sodium, 32% against 16%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Organ / stage
- flowerse5
- Treatment
- ethanolic extracts of T. diversifoliae4
- Interactor
- R. solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume3pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye4
- Direction
- higherinferrede4
- Value
- 32 ± 3.1 %e5
- Comparator
- metham sodium (positive control)e5
- Setting
- greenhouse experimentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“This study, therefore, investigated the in vivo antibacterial activity of ethanolic and hexane extracts from Tithonia diversifolia against R. solanacearum in tomatoes”
e4“In vivo greenhouse experiments revealed that ethanolic extracts of T. diversifolia gave a percentage disease severity of 24 ± 2.6% in the leaves”
e5“32 ± 3.1 % in the flowers as compared to metham sodium (positive control), which gave a disease severity of 16 ± 2.2 % (p ˂ 0.01)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanolic extracts of T. diversifolia had the highest extraction yield, 2.8 ± 0.22% w/w.
- Taxon
- T. diversifolia
Tithonia diversifoliae6 - Material
- ethanolic extractse6
- Outcome
- extraction yielde6
- Value
- 2.8 ± 0.22 % w/we6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The highest extraction yield of 2.8 ± 0.22 % w/w was observed in the ethanolic extracts of T. diversifolia”
Claim · model-written summary
T. diversifolia ethanolic extracts are proposed as efficient, cheap and potent biopesticides for effective control of R. solanacearum in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume7
- Interactor
- R. solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume7pathogen
- Outcome
- effective control of R. solanacearume7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“utilization of T. diversifolia ethanolic extracts is hereby fronted as efficient, cheap, and potent biopesticides for the effective control of R. solanacearum in tomato plants”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · Ralstonia solanacearum · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
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