Abstract
Greater use of acid soil has expanded the area under cultivation for soybeans; however, acid soil is associated with heavy mineral toxicity, including Iron (Fe). This investigation looked at how well soybean seeds germinated in media containing heavy metal Fe and how the pH of the media affected the viability of soybean seeds. This research was conducted at the Seed and Plant Breeding Laboratory at the University of Lampung, Indonesia. The experimental design was a randomized block design. The first factor was seven soybean local varieties – Grobogan, Anjasmoro, Derap 1, Detap 1, Dena 1, Deja 1, and Dega 1 – and the second factor was heavy metal Fe solution pH of 6–7 and 4.5 and without heavy metal Fe (control). Seed viability in heavy metal Fe medium was assessed using radicle emergence, germination capacity or percentage, germination speed, number of normal seedlings, normal seedling hypocotyl length, main root length of regular seedlings, and normal shoot dry weight. This research found that heavy metal Fe affected soybeans’ seeds’ viability in pH 6–7 and 4.5. The observed data showed that all seeds’ viability variables in media with heavy metal Fe, both in pH 6–7 and in pH 4.5, differ from the control media. The seed viability in media heavy metal Fe pH 6–7 was not significantly different from the control media, but in pH 4.5, the difference is significant. Soybean varieties’ characteristics also influence how heavy metal Fe in different pH affects seed viability. Overall, Anjasmoro, Deja, Grobogan, and Dega were the types that consistently demonstrated resistance or adaptation to heavy metal Fe existence, while Dena, Derap, and Detap are susceptible to heavy metal Fe existence. Seed viability in Iron medium is not always related to seed physical performance; therefore, before planting soybean in acid soil, it is recommended to conduct a seed viability test.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Seed viability variables in Fe media differed from control media.
Verbatim
e0“all seeds’ viability variables in media with heavy metal Fe, both in pH 6–7 and in pH 4.5, differ from the control media.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed viability under iron at pH 6–7 did not differ significantly from control.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- heavy metal Fe pH 6–7e0
- Outcome
- seed viabilitye0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
- Comparator
- control mediae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The seed viability in media heavy metal Fe pH 6–7 was not significantly different from the control media”
e1“viability of soybean seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed viability under iron at pH 4.5 differed significantly from control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- heavy metal Fee1
- Outcome
- seed viabilitye1
- Qualifier
- pH 4.5e0
- Comparator
- control mediae1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in pH 4.5, the difference is significant.”
e1“The seed viability in media heavy metal Fe pH 6–7 was not significantly different from the control media”
e2“viability of soybean seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean varieties differed in seed viability response to iron and pH.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- heavy metal Fee0
- Outcome
- seed viabilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean varieties’ characteristics also influence how heavy metal Fe in different pH affects seed viability.”
Claim · model-written summary
Anjasmoro, Deja, Grobogan, and Dega consistently resisted or adapted to iron.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Anjasmoro, Deja, Grobogan, and Degae0
- Outcome
- resistance or adaptation to heavy metal Fe existencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Anjasmoro, Deja, Grobogan, and Dega were the types that consistently demonstrated resistance or adaptation to heavy metal Fe existence”
e1“soybean local varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Dena, Derap, and Detap were susceptible to iron.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Dena, Derap, and Detape0
- Outcome
- susceptible to heavy metal Fe existencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dena, Derap, and Detap are susceptible to heavy metal Fe existence”
e1“soybean local varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed viability in iron medium was not always related to seed physical performance.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- Seed viabilitye0
- Direction
- not always relatede0
- Comparator
- seed physical performancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed viability in Iron medium is not always related to seed physical performance”
e1“viability of soybean seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend testing seed viability before planting soybean in acid soil.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- conduct a seed viability teste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“before planting soybean in acid soil, it is recommended to conduct a seed viability test.”
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