Abstract
● Sugarcane and sugar beet yield and carbon footprint rose with time but profit declined ● Labor and nitrogen fertilizer were the largest contributors of carbon footprint. ● Optimized crops lowered carbon footprint and total cost by 32% and 24%, respectively. Climate change mitigation is a major challenge of human society. Currently, to this end, many countries including China are committed to achieving carbon neutrality within a few decades. China is a major sugarcane and sugar beet producing country and has one of the largest carbon footprint for sugarcane and sugar beet production globally. A comprehensive study was conducted on sugarcane and sugar beet crops grown in China for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions mitigation potential, economic crop production from a sustainable sugar production perspective. Long-term trend analysis showed that yield and GHG emissions of sugarcane and sugar beet crops increased but the ratio of income to cost declined. Structural equation model analysis revealed nitrogen fertilizer and labor as the major drivers of GHG emissions for both sugarcane and sugar beet. For sugarcane and sugar beet, the path coefficient of N fertilizer were ‒0.964 and ‒0.835 and that of labor were 0.771 and 0.589, respectively. By transitioning the current cropping system to an improved model with optimized labor, N input and machinery use, the GHG emissions and total annual cost of sugarcane and sugar beet production can be reduced by 32% and 24%, respectively, by 2030, compared to a business-as-usual scenario. This is the first integrated and comparative study of environmental and economic sustainability of sugarcane and sugar beet production in China. These findings will enable all stakeholders of Chinese sugarcane and sugar beet industries to transform them into environmentally and economically sustainable sugar production.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Sugarcane yield increased over time.
Verbatim
e0“Sugarcane and sugar beet yield and carbon footprint rose with time but profit declined”
Claim · model-written summary
Sugar beet yield increased over time.
- Taxon
- sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0 - Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- rosee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sugarcane and sugar beet yield and carbon footprint rose with time but profit declined”
Claim · model-written summary
Sugarcane carbon footprint rose over time.
Verbatim
e0“Sugarcane and sugar beet yield and carbon footprint rose with time but profit declined”
Claim · model-written summary
Sugar beet carbon footprint rose over time.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Outcome
- carbon footprinte0
- Direction
- rosee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sugarcane and sugar beet yield and carbon footprint rose with time but profit declined”
Claim · model-written summary
The income-to-cost ratio for sugarcane declined over time.
Verbatim
e0“yield and GHG emissions of sugarcane and sugar beet crops increased but the ratio of income to cost declined”
Claim · model-written summary
The income-to-cost ratio for sugar beet declined over time.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Outcome
- ratio of income to coste0
- Direction
- declinede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield and GHG emissions of sugarcane and sugar beet crops increased but the ratio of income to cost declined”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer was a major modeled driver of sugarcane GHG emissions, with path coefficient ‒0.964.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“For sugarcane and sugar beet, the path coefficient of N fertilizer were ‒0.964 and ‒0.835 and that of labor were 0.771 and 0.589, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer was a major modeled driver of sugar beet GHG emissions, with path coefficient ‒0.835.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- path coefficient of N fertilizere0
- Value
- ‒0.835e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For sugarcane and sugar beet, the path coefficient of N fertilizer were ‒0.964 and ‒0.835 and that of labor were 0.771 and 0.589, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Labor was a major modeled driver of sugarcane GHG emissions, with path coefficient 0.771.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“For sugarcane and sugar beet, the path coefficient of N fertilizer were ‒0.964 and ‒0.835 and that of labor were 0.771 and 0.589, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Labor was a major modeled driver of sugar beet GHG emissions, with path coefficient 0.589.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- labore0
- Outcome
- that of labore0
- Value
- 0.589e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For sugarcane and sugar beet, the path coefficient of N fertilizer were ‒0.964 and ‒0.835 and that of labor were 0.771 and 0.589, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
An improved system is projected to reduce sugarcane GHG emissions by 32% by 2030 versus business as usual.
Verbatim
e0“By transitioning the current cropping system to an improved model with optimized labor, N input and machinery use, the GHG emissions and total annual cost of sugarcane and sugar beet production can be reduced by 32% and 24%, respectively, by 2030, compared to a business-as-usual scenario.”
Claim · model-written summary
An improved system is projected to reduce sugar beet GHG emissions by 32% by 2030 versus business as usual.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- improved model with optimized labor, N input and machinery usee0
- Outcome
- GHG emissionse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 32%e0
- Comparator
- business-as-usual scenarioe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By transitioning the current cropping system to an improved model with optimized labor, N input and machinery use, the GHG emissions and total annual cost of sugarcane and sugar beet production can be reduced by 32% and 24%, respectively, by 2030, compared to a business-as-usual scenario.”
Claim · model-written summary
An improved system is projected to reduce annual sugarcane production cost by 24% by 2030 versus business as usual.
Verbatim
e0“By transitioning the current cropping system to an improved model with optimized labor, N input and machinery use, the GHG emissions and total annual cost of sugarcane and sugar beet production can be reduced by 32% and 24%, respectively, by 2030, compared to a business-as-usual scenario.”
Claim · model-written summary
An improved system is projected to reduce annual sugar beet production cost by 24% by 2030 versus business as usual.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- improved model with optimized labor, N input and machinery usee0
- Outcome
- total annual coste0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 24%e0
- Comparator
- business-as-usual scenarioe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By transitioning the current cropping system to an improved model with optimized labor, N input and machinery use, the GHG emissions and total annual cost of sugarcane and sugar beet production can be reduced by 32% and 24%, respectively, by 2030, compared to a business-as-usual scenario.”
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See all 161 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.