Abstract
The trade-off between yield and environmental effects caused by nitrogen fertilizer application is an important issue in wheat production. A reduction in fertile florets is one of the main reasons for decreased yield under low nitrogen application rate. Brassinosteroids (BRs) have been found to play a role in nitrogen-induced rice spikelet degeneration. However, whether BRs play a role in wheat floret development and the mechanisms involved are not clear. Therefore, different nitrogen gradient experiment and exogenous spraying experiment were conducted to investigate the role and mechanism of BRs in wheat floret development under low nitrogen stress. The results showed that as the nitrogen application decreased, the endogenous BRs content of spikes decreased, photosynthesis weakened, and total carbon, soluble sugar and starch of spikes decreased, leading to a reduction in the number of fertile florets. Under low nitrogen stress, exogenous spraying of 24-epibrassinolide promoted photosynthesis, stimulated stem fructan hydrolysis and the utilization and storage of sucrose in spikes, directing more carbohydrates to the spikes and increasing the number of fertile florets. In conclusion, BRs mediate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on wheat floret development, and under low nitrogen stress, foliar spraying of 24-epibrassinolide promotes the flow of carbohydrates from the stem to the spikes, alleviating wheat floret degeneration.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Decreasing nitrogen reduced endogenous spike BR content.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- nitrogen application decreasede0
- Outcome
- endogenous BRs content of spikese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as the nitrogen application decreased, the endogenous BRs content of spikes decreased”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreasing nitrogen weakened photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen application decreasede0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- weakenede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as the nitrogen application decreased, the endogenous BRs content of spikes decreased, photosynthesis weakened”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreasing nitrogen reduced spike total carbon, soluble sugar and starch.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen application decreasede0
- Outcome
- total carbon, soluble sugar and starch of spikese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as the nitrogen application decreased, the endogenous BRs content of spikes decreased, photosynthesis weakened, and total carbon, soluble sugar and starch of spikes decreased”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreasing nitrogen reduced fertile floret numbers.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen application decreasede0
- Outcome
- number of fertile floretse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as the nitrogen application decreased, the endogenous BRs content of spikes decreased, photosynthesis weakened, and total carbon, soluble sugar and starch of spikes decreased, leading to a reduction in the number of fertile florets.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low nitrogen, 24-epibrassinolide spraying promoted photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous spraying of 24-epibrassinolidee0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Qualifier
- low nitrogen stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under low nitrogen stress, exogenous spraying of 24-epibrassinolide promoted photosynthesis”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low nitrogen, 24-epibrassinolide stimulated stem fructan hydrolysis and spike sucrose utilization and storage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous spraying of 24-epibrassinolidee0
- Outcome
- stem fructan hydrolysis and the utilization and storage of sucrose in spikese0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Qualifier
- low nitrogen stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under low nitrogen stress, exogenous spraying of 24-epibrassinolide promoted photosynthesis, stimulated stem fructan hydrolysis and the utilization and storage of sucrose in spikes”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
24-epibrassinolide directed more carbohydrates to spikes under low nitrogen.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous spraying of 24-epibrassinolidee0
- Outcome
- carbohydrates to the spikese0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- low nitrogen stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under low nitrogen stress, exogenous spraying of 24-epibrassinolide promoted photosynthesis, stimulated stem fructan hydrolysis and the utilization and storage of sucrose in spikes, directing more carbohydrates to the spikes”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
24-epibrassinolide increased fertile floret numbers under low nitrogen.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous spraying of 24-epibrassinolidee0
- Outcome
- number of fertile floretse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- low nitrogen stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under low nitrogen stress, exogenous spraying of 24-epibrassinolide promoted photosynthesis, stimulated stem fructan hydrolysis and the utilization and storage of sucrose in spikes, directing more carbohydrates to the spikes and increasing the number of fertile florets.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
BRs mediate nitrogen fertilizer effects on wheat floret development.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Compound
- BRse0
- Outcome
- floret developmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In conclusion, BRs mediate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on wheat floret development”
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See all 877 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.