Abstract
The salinity of soils and irrigation water is among the main factors that limit plant productivity worldwide. Several alternatives have been proposed to get around this problem. However, these alternatives have faced difficulties in their implementation. As an alternative, the adverse effects of salinity on crop yield can be minimized by selecting species and varieties better adapted to salinity and/or by finding priming agents that give plants a certain tolerance during the vegetative and reproductive stages. The latter are strictly dependent on germination and seedling establishment. For this purpose, a laboratory experiment was conducted on three Tunisian wheat cultivars (Karim, Razeg, and Maali) subjected to moderate salinity stress (MSS, 5 g L−1 NaCl), severe salinity stress (SSS, 10 g L−1 NaCl), or control (0 NaCl) after soaking the seeds in a solution of KNO3 or ZnSO4 (0.5 g L−1). Salinity stress significantly decreased germination capacity (GC) and induced osmotic stress under MSS, which declined under SSS in favor of toxic stress. Pretreatment of seeds with KNO3 or ZnSO4 alleviated the toxic effect, and seedlings recovered initial vigor and GC even under SSS. The Karim cultivar showed better tolerance to salinity and a higher ability to react to priming agents. The calculated sensitivity tolerance index (STI) based on germination capacity, seedling growth, and initial vigor decreased in all cultivars under salt stress; however, this parameter clearly discriminated the studied cultivars. Karim was the most tolerant as compared to Razeg and Maali. We conclude that halopriming provides a benefit by alleviating the harmful effects of salt toxicity and that cultivars differ in their response to priming and extent of salt stress. KNO3 and ZnSO4 effectively alleviated the inhibitory effect of salt stress on seed germination and seedling establishment while significantly improving initial vigor.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly lowered germination capacity.
- Taxon
- Durum Wheat
Triticum turgidum subsp. durumt0 - Treatment
- Salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- germination capacity (GC)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity stress significantly decreased germination capacity (GC)”
t0“Potential of Seed Halopriming in the Mitigation of Salinity Stress during Germination and Seedling Establishment in Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate salinity induced osmotic stress, which declined under severe salinity in favor of toxic stress.
- Taxon
- Durum WheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Outcome
- osmotic stresse0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Qualifier
- under SSS in favor of toxic stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“induced osmotic stress under MSS, which declined under SSS in favor of toxic stress.”
t0“Potential of Seed Halopriming in the Mitigation of Salinity Stress during Germination and Seedling Establishment in Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)”
Claim · model-written summary
KNO3 seed pretreatment alleviated toxicity and restored seedling vigor and germination even under severe stress.
- Taxon
- Durum WheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- KNO3e0
- Outcome
- toxic effecte0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
- Qualifier
- seedlings recovered initial vigor and GC even under SSSe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment of seeds with KNO3 or ZnSO4 alleviated the toxic effect, and seedlings recovered initial vigor and GC even under SSS.”
t0“Potential of Seed Halopriming in the Mitigation of Salinity Stress during Germination and Seedling Establishment in Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSO4 seed pretreatment alleviated toxicity and restored seedling vigor and germination even under severe stress.
- Taxon
- Durum WheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- toxic effecte0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
- Qualifier
- seedlings recovered initial vigor and GC even under SSSe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment of seeds with KNO3 or ZnSO4 alleviated the toxic effect, and seedlings recovered initial vigor and GC even under SSS.”
t0“Potential of Seed Halopriming in the Mitigation of Salinity Stress during Germination and Seedling Establishment in Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Karim had better salt tolerance and greater responsiveness to priming agents.
- Taxon
- Durum WheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Material
- Karime0
- Outcome
- tolerance to salinity and a higher ability to react to priming agentse0
- Direction
- bettere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Karim cultivar showed better tolerance to salinity and a higher ability to react to priming agents.”
t0“Potential of Seed Halopriming in the Mitigation of Salinity Stress during Germination and Seedling Establishment in Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The sensitivity tolerance index fell in every cultivar under salt stress.
- Taxon
- Durum WheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- sensitivity tolerance index (STI)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The calculated sensitivity tolerance index (STI) based on germination capacity, seedling growth, and initial vigor decreased in all cultivars under salt stress”
t0“Potential of Seed Halopriming in the Mitigation of Salinity Stress during Germination and Seedling Establishment in Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The sensitivity tolerance index distinguished the studied cultivars.
- Taxon
- Durum WheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Outcome
- discriminated the studied cultivarse0
- Comparator
- studied cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this parameter clearly discriminated the studied cultivars.”
t0“Potential of Seed Halopriming in the Mitigation of Salinity Stress during Germination and Seedling Establishment in Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Karim was more salt tolerant than Razeg and Maali.
- Taxon
- Durum WheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Material
- Karime0
- Outcome
- most tolerante0
- Direction
- most tolerante0
- Comparator
- Razeg and Maalie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Karim was the most tolerant as compared to Razeg and Maali.”
t0“Potential of Seed Halopriming in the Mitigation of Salinity Stress during Germination and Seedling Establishment in Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)”
Claim · model-written summary
KNO3 alleviated salt inhibition of germination and seedling establishment and improved initial vigor.
- Taxon
- Durum WheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- KNO3e0
- Outcome
- seed germination and seedling establishmente0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
- Qualifier
- significantly improving initial vigore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“KNO3 and ZnSO4 effectively alleviated the inhibitory effect of salt stress on seed germination and seedling establishment while significantly improving initial vigor.”
t0“Potential of Seed Halopriming in the Mitigation of Salinity Stress during Germination and Seedling Establishment in Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSO4 alleviated salt inhibition of germination and seedling establishment and improved initial vigor.
- Taxon
- Durum WheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- seed germination and seedling establishmente0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
- Qualifier
- significantly improving initial vigore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“KNO3 and ZnSO4 effectively alleviated the inhibitory effect of salt stress on seed germination and seedling establishment while significantly improving initial vigor.”
t0“Potential of Seed Halopriming in the Mitigation of Salinity Stress during Germination and Seedling Establishment in Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)”
The same questions in other papers
potassium nitrate · growth · Triticum turgidum (rivet wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
salinity · growth · Triticum turgidum (rivet wheat)Positive and negative results
24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
25 papers more in this group
See all 29 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.