Abstract
Salinity, a major environmental stress, affects global cereal production by decreasing yields, particularly in wheat (Triticum aestivum and Triticum durum). This study evaluated the effects of varying salinity levels on the germination and growth parameters of two Turkish wheat cultivars.Germination experiments were conducted using six salinity levels 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 dS/m with SAR values 3, 6, 9, and 12. While growth parameters were evaluated under greenhouse conditions in Tlemcen - Algeria, and Çanakkale - Türkiye, using irrigation water with EC levels of 8, 16, and 20 dS/m and SAR 9. Salinity stress negatively impacted both durum and bread wheat. Durum wheat exhibited the highest germination rates at SAR3 (78.89%) and SAR6 (75.56%), with a moderate decline at SAR12 (61.67%). In contrast, bread wheat peaked at SAR3 (67.78%) but declined more sharply under higher salinity levels. High salinity (20 dS/m) reduced durum wheat ear length from 4.7 cm (control) to 2.4 cm and decreased plant dry weight from 5.27 g to 4.14 g. In bread wheat, moderate salinity (8 dS/m) resulted in the longest ear lengths (7.21 cm) and the highest ear weight (0.84 g), while high salinity (20 dS/m) caused the lowest number of fertile tillers (FTN). Differential responses observed between the two locations; wheat grown in warmer Tlemcen (Algeria) faced greater salinity stress than in cooler Çanakkale (Türkiye), highlighting the role of environment and genetics in salinity tolerance.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress negatively affected both durum and bread wheat.
Not reportedComparatorOutcome
Verbatim
e0“the effects of varying salinity levels on the germination and growth parameters of two Turkish wheat cultivars”
e1“Salinity stress negatively impacted both durum and bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Durum wheat had its highest germination rate at SAR3, 78.89%.
- Taxon
- Durum wheat
Triticum turgidum subsp. durume2 - Outcome
- germination ratese2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 78.89%e2
- Qualifier
- at SAR3e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of varying salinity levels on the germination and growth parameters of two Turkish wheat cultivars”
e2“Durum wheat exhibited the highest germination rates at SAR3 (78.89%) and SAR6 (75.56%), with a moderate decline at SAR12 (61.67%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Durum wheat had a high germination rate at SAR6, 75.56%.
- Taxon
- Durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume2
- Outcome
- germination ratese2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 75.56%e2
- Qualifier
- SAR6e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of varying salinity levels on the germination and growth parameters of two Turkish wheat cultivars”
e2“Durum wheat exhibited the highest germination rates at SAR3 (78.89%) and SAR6 (75.56%), with a moderate decline at SAR12 (61.67%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Durum wheat germination declined moderately at SAR12, 61.67%.
- Taxon
- Durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume2
- Outcome
- germination ratese2
- Direction
- moderate declinee2
- Value
- 61.67%e2
- Qualifier
- SAR12e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Durum wheat exhibited the highest germination rates at SAR3 (78.89%) and SAR6 (75.56%), with a moderate decline at SAR12 (61.67%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bread wheat germination peaked at SAR3, 67.78%.
- Taxon
- bread wheat
Triticum aestivume4 - Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- peakede4
- Value
- 67.78%e4
- Qualifier
- SAR3e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of varying salinity levels on the germination and growth parameters of two Turkish wheat cultivars”
e4“In contrast, bread wheat peaked at SAR3 (67.78%) but declined more sharply under higher salinity levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Bread wheat germination declined more sharply under higher salinity levels.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume4
- Treatment
- higher salinity levelse4
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- declined more sharplye4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of varying salinity levels on the germination and growth parameters of two Turkish wheat cultivars”
e4“In contrast, bread wheat peaked at SAR3 (67.78%) but declined more sharply under higher salinity levels”
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity (20 dS/m) reduced durum wheat ear length from 4.7 cm under control to 2.4 cm.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume5
- Treatment
- High salinity (20 dS/m)e5
- Outcome
- ear lengthe5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 2.4 cme5
- Qualifier
- 4.7 cme5
- Comparator
- controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“High salinity (20 dS/m) reduced durum wheat ear length from 4.7 cm (control) to 2.4 cm”
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity (20 dS/m) decreased durum wheat plant dry weight from 5.27 g under control to 4.14 g.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume5
- Treatment
- High salinity (20 dS/m)e5
- Outcome
- plant dry weighte6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Value
- 4.14 ge6
- Qualifier
- 5.27 ge6
- Comparator
- controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“High salinity (20 dS/m) reduced durum wheat ear length from 4.7 cm (control) to 2.4 cm”
e6“decreased plant dry weight from 5.27 g to 4.14 g”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate salinity (8 dS/m) gave bread wheat the longest ear lengths, 7.21 cm.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume4
- Treatment
- moderate salinity (8 dS/m)e7
- Outcome
- ear lengthse7
- Direction
- longeste7
- Value
- 7.21 cme7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“In contrast, bread wheat peaked at SAR3 (67.78%) but declined more sharply under higher salinity levels”
e7“moderate salinity (8 dS/m) resulted in the longest ear lengths (7.21 cm) and the highest ear weight (0.84 g), while high salinity (20 dS/m) caused the lowest number of fertile tillers (FTN)”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate salinity (8 dS/m) gave bread wheat the highest ear weight, 0.84 g.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume4
- Treatment
- moderate salinity (8 dS/m)e7
- Outcome
- ear weighte7
- Direction
- higheste7
- Value
- 0.84 ge7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“In contrast, bread wheat peaked at SAR3 (67.78%) but declined more sharply under higher salinity levels”
e7“moderate salinity (8 dS/m) resulted in the longest ear lengths (7.21 cm) and the highest ear weight (0.84 g), while high salinity (20 dS/m) caused the lowest number of fertile tillers (FTN)”
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity (20 dS/m) gave bread wheat the lowest number of fertile tillers.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume4
- Treatment
- high salinity (20 dS/m)e7
- Outcome
- number of fertile tillerse7
- Direction
- loweste7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“In contrast, bread wheat peaked at SAR3 (67.78%) but declined more sharply under higher salinity levels”
e7“moderate salinity (8 dS/m) resulted in the longest ear lengths (7.21 cm) and the highest ear weight (0.84 g), while high salinity (20 dS/m) caused the lowest number of fertile tillers (FTN)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat grown in warmer Tlemcen (Algeria) faced greater salinity stress than wheat in cooler Çanakkale (Türkiye).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Outcome
- salinity stresse3
- Direction
- greatere3
- Comparator
- Çanakkale (Türkiye)e3
- Setting
- Tlemcen (Algeria)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“wheat grown in warmer Tlemcen (Algeria) faced greater salinity stress than in cooler Çanakkale (Türkiye)”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · yield · Triticum turgidum (rivet wheat)Results differ
11 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
- negative
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →salinity · growth · Triticum turgidum (rivet wheat)Positive and negative results
24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
25 papers more in this group
See all 29 papers →salinity · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
29 papers in the same direction as this paper · 197 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
223 papers more in this group
See all 227 papers →salinity · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
327 papers in the same direction as this paper · 49 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
373 papers more in this group
See all 377 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.