Abstract
Cytochromes P450 monooxygenases from the CYP98 family catalyze the meta-hydroxylation step in the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway. The ref8 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant, with a point mutation in the CYP98A3 gene, was previously described to show developmental defects, changes in lignin composition, and lack of soluble sinapoyl esters. We isolated a T-DNA insertion mutant in CYP98A3 and show that this mutation leads to a more drastic inhibition of plant development and inhibition of cell growth. Similar to the ref8 mutant, the insertion mutant has reduced lignin content, with stem lignin essentially made of p-hydroxyphenyl units and trace amounts of guaiacyl and syringyl units. However, its roots display an ectopic lignification and a substantial proportion of guaiacyl and syringyl units, suggesting the occurrence of an alternative CYP98A3-independent meta-hydroxylation mechanism active mainly in the roots. Relative to the control, mutant plantlets produce very low amounts of sinapoyl esters, but accumulate flavonol glycosides. Reduced cell growth seems correlated with alterations in the abundance of cell wall polysaccharides, in particular decrease in crystalline cellulose, and profound modifications in gene expression and homeostasis reminiscent of a stress response. CYP98A3 thus constitutes a critical bottleneck in the phenylpropanoid pathway and in the synthesis of compounds controlling plant development. CYP98A3 cosuppressed lines show a gradation of developmental defects and changes in lignin content (40% reduction) and structure (prominent frequency of p-hydroxyphenyl units), but content in foliar sinapoyl esters is similar to the control. The purple coloration of their leaves is correlated to the accumulation of sinapoylated anthocyanins.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
The CYP98A3 insertion inhibits development and cell growth.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Treatment
- this mutatione1
- Gene
- CYP98A3e2
- Outcome
- inhibition of plant development and inhibition of cell growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ref8 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant”
e1“this mutation leads to a more drastic inhibition of plant development and inhibition of cell growth”
e2“T-DNA insertion mutant in CYP98A3”
Claim · model-written summary
Insertion-mutant lignin content is reduced.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Material
- insertion mutante1
- Outcome
- lignin contente1
- Direction
- reducede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
e1“the insertion mutant has reduced lignin content”
Claim · model-written summary
Insertion-mutant stem lignin consists essentially of p-hydroxyphenyl units with trace guaiacyl and syringyl units.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Organ / stage
- steme1
- Outcome
- stem lignin essentially made of p-hydroxyphenyl units and trace amounts of guaiacyl and syringyl unitse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
e1“stem lignin essentially made of p-hydroxyphenyl units and trace amounts of guaiacyl and syringyl units”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots show ectopic lignification and a substantial proportion of guaiacyl and syringyl units.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Outcome
- ectopic lignification and a substantial proportion of guaiacyl and syringyl unitse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
e1“its roots display an ectopic lignification and a substantial proportion of guaiacyl and syringyl units”
Claim · model-written summary
The root lignin composition suggests a CYP98A3-independent meta-hydroxylation mechanism.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Gene
- CYP98A3e1
- Outcome
- alternative CYP98A3-independent meta-hydroxylation mechanisme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
e1“suggesting the occurrence of an alternative CYP98A3-independent meta-hydroxylation mechanism active mainly in the roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutant plantlets produce very low sinapoyl ester amounts relative to control.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Material
- mutant plantletse1
- Outcome
- amounts of sinapoyl esterse1
- Direction
- very lowe1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
e1“Relative to the control, mutant plantlets produce very low amounts of sinapoyl esters”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutant plantlets accumulate flavonol glycosides.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Material
- mutant plantletse1
- Outcome
- flavonol glycosidese1
- Direction
- accumulatee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
e1“mutant plantlets produce very low amounts of sinapoyl esters, but accumulate flavonol glycosides”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced cell growth correlates with altered cell-wall polysaccharide abundance, particularly decreased crystalline cellulose.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Organ / stage
- cell walle1
- Outcome
- cell growthe1
- Direction
- Reducede1
- Qualifier
- decrease in crystalline cellulosee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
e1“Reduced cell growth seems correlated with alterations in the abundance of cell wall polysaccharides, in particular decrease in crystalline cellulose”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced cell growth correlates with profound changes in gene expression and homeostasis reminiscent of stress.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Organ / stage
- cell walle1
- Outcome
- cell growthe1
- Direction
- Reducede1
- Qualifier
- profound modifications in gene expression and homeostasis reminiscent of a stress responsee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
e1“Reduced cell growth seems correlated with alterations in the abundance of cell wall polysaccharides, in particular decrease in crystalline cellulose, and profound modifications in gene expression and homeostasis reminiscent of a stress response”
Claim · model-written summary
CYP98A3 cosuppressed lines show a gradation of developmental defects.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Material
- CYP98A3 cosuppressed linese1
- Outcome
- developmental defectse1
- Direction
- gradatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
e1“CYP98A3 cosuppressed lines show a gradation of developmental defects”
Claim · model-written summary
CYP98A3 cosuppressed lines have 40% less lignin and a prominent frequency of p-hydroxyphenyl units.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Material
- CYP98A3 cosuppressed linese1
- Outcome
- lignin contente1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 40%e1
- Qualifier
- prominent frequency of p-hydroxyphenyl unitse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
e1“CYP98A3 cosuppressed lines show a gradation of developmental defects and changes in lignin content (40% reduction) and structure (prominent frequency of p-hydroxyphenyl units)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar sinapoyl esters in cosuppressed lines resemble control.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Outcome
- content in foliar sinapoyl esterse1
- Direction
- similare1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
e1“content in foliar sinapoyl esters is similar to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Purple leaf color correlates with sinapoylated anthocyanin accumulation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Compound
- sinapoylated anthocyaninse1
- Outcome
- purple coloratione1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
e1“The purple coloration of their leaves is correlated to the accumulation of sinapoylated anthocyanins”
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