Influence of organic nutrient sources on growth and seed quality of garden pea

Abstract

In the post-era of the green revolution, the productivity of crops has been increased by massive application of agro-chemicals that has disturbed harmony existing in the ecosystem. As a legume crop, garden pea is gaining attention towards organic farming systems. Seeds produced organically are better adaptable to organic growing conditions. A field experiment was laid out with three replications, comprising of twelve treatment combinations of different levels of FYM and jeevamrit during Rabi season of 2020-21. Seeds of cv. ‘Punjab-89’ were sown at a spacing of 60 cm × 7.5 cm after inoculation with Rhizobium and PSB. FYM was applied at the time of sowing. Jeevamrit was applied treatment-wise as soil drenching at an interval of 15 days starting from 30 days after sowing. Combined application of FYM @ 15 t ha-1 and jeevamrit @ 10% drenching resulted in maximum plant height (80.63 cm), pod length (8.84 cm), number of pods per plant (21.33), number of seeds per pod (8.07), gross seed yield (12.56 q ha-1), graded seed yield (11.31 q ha-1), speed of germination (8.68 days), 100 seed weight (17.51 g), seed germination (88.33%), minimum powdery mildew severity (25.33%) and lowest EC of seed (15.26 μS cm-1) along with highest net returns (₹ 195567.5 ha-1).

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Claims 12

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined FYM and jeevamrit application gave maximum plant height in garden pea.

Taxon: garden peaLathyrus oleraceust1
Treatment: Combined application of FYM @ 15 t ha-1 and jeevamrit @ 10% drenchinge0
Outcome: plant heighte0
Direction: maximume0
Value: 80.63 cme0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Lathyrus oleraceus* · TaxonRenee Comet (photographer) AV Number: AV-9400-4164 · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t1
“garden pea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 68–78 · show in text ↑

e0
“Combined application of FYM @ 15 t ha-1 and jeevamrit @ 10% drenching resulted in maximum plant height (80.63 cm)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 780–893 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined FYM and jeevamrit application gave maximum pod length in garden pea.

Taxon: garden peaLathyrus oleraceust1
Treatment: Combined application of FYM @ 15 t ha-1 and jeevamrit @ 10% drenchinge0
Outcome: pod lengthe0
Direction: maximume0
Value: 8.84 cme0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t1
“garden pea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 68–78 · show in text ↑

e0
“Combined application of FYM @ 15 t ha-1 and jeevamrit @ 10% drenching resulted in maximum plant height (80.63 cm), pod length (8.84 cm)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 780–915 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined FYM and jeevamrit application gave maximum number of pods per plant in garden pea.

Taxon: garden peaLathyrus oleraceust1
Treatment: Combined application of FYM @ 15 t ha-1 and jeevamrit @ 10% drenchinge0
Outcome: number of pods per plante0
Direction: maximume0
Value: 21.33e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t1
“garden pea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 68–78 · show in text ↑

e0
“Combined application of FYM @ 15 t ha-1 and jeevamrit @ 10% drenching resulted in maximum plant height (80.63 cm), pod length (8.84 cm), number of pods per plant (21.33)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 780–949 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined FYM and jeevamrit application gave maximum number of seeds per pod in garden pea.

Taxon: garden peaLathyrus oleraceust1
Treatment: Combined application of FYM @ 15 t ha-1 and jeevamrit @ 10% drenchinge0
Outcome: number of seeds per pode0
Direction: maximume0
Value: 8.07e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t1
“garden pea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 68–78 · show in text ↑

e0
“Combined application of FYM @ 15 t ha-1 and jeevamrit @ 10% drenching resulted in maximum plant height (80.63 cm), pod length (8.84 cm), number of pods per plant (21.33), number of seeds per pod (8.07)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 780–981 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined FYM and jeevamrit application gave maximum gross seed yield in garden pea.

Taxon: garden peaLathyrus oleraceust1
Treatment: Combined application of FYM @ 15 t ha-1 and jeevamrit @ 10% drenchinge0
Outcome: gross seed yielde0
Direction: maximume0
Value: 12.56 q ha-1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t1
“garden pea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 68–78 · show in text ↑

e0
“Combined application of FYM @ 15 t ha-1 and jeevamrit @ 10% drenching resulted in maximum plant height (80.63 cm), pod length (8.84 cm), number of pods per plant (21.33), number of seeds per pod (8.07), gross seed yield (12.56 q ha-1)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 780–1014 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined FYM and jeevamrit application gave maximum graded seed yield in garden pea.

Taxon: garden peaLathyrus oleraceust1
Treatment: Combined application of FYM @ 15 t ha-1 and jeevamrit @ 10% drenchinge0
Outcome: graded seed yielde0
Direction: maximume0
Value: 11.31 q ha-1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t1
“garden pea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 68–78 · show in text ↑

e0
“Combined application of FYM @ 15 t ha-1 and jeevamrit @ 10% drenching resulted in maximum plant height (80.63 cm), pod length (8.84 cm), number of pods per plant (21.33), number of seeds per pod (8.07), gross seed yield (12.56 q ha-1), graded seed yield (11.31 q ha-1)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 780–1048 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined FYM and jeevamrit application gave maximum speed of germination in garden pea.

Taxon: garden peaLathyrus oleraceust1
Treatment: Combined application of FYM @ 15 t ha-1 and jeevamrit @ 10% drenchinge0
Outcome: speed of germinatione0
Direction: maximume0
Value: 8.68 dayse0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t1
“garden pea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 68–78 · show in text ↑

e0
“Combined application of FYM @ 15 t ha-1 and jeevamrit @ 10% drenching resulted in maximum plant height (80.63 cm), pod length (8.84 cm), number of pods per plant (21.33), number of seeds per pod (8.07), gross seed yield (12.56 q ha-1), graded seed yield (11.31 q ha-1), speed of germination (8.68 days)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 780–1082 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined FYM and jeevamrit application gave maximum 100 seed weight in garden pea.

Taxon: garden peaLathyrus oleraceust1
Treatment: Combined application of FYM @ 15 t ha-1 and jeevamrit @ 10% drenchinge0
Outcome: 100 seed weighte0
Direction: maximume0
Value: 17.51 ge0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t1
“garden pea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 68–78 · show in text ↑

e0
“Combined application of FYM @ 15 t ha-1 and jeevamrit @ 10% drenching resulted in maximum plant height (80.63 cm), pod length (8.84 cm), number of pods per plant (21.33), number of seeds per pod (8.07), gross seed yield (12.56 q ha-1), graded seed yield (11.31 q ha-1), speed of germination (8.68 days), 100 seed weight (17.51 g)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 780–1109 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined FYM and jeevamrit application gave maximum seed germination in garden pea.

Taxon: garden peaLathyrus oleraceust1
Treatment: Combined application of FYM @ 15 t ha-1 and jeevamrit @ 10% drenchinge0
Outcome: seed germinatione0
Direction: maximume0
Value: 88.33%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t1
“garden pea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 68–78 · show in text ↑

e0
“Combined application of FYM @ 15 t ha-1 and jeevamrit @ 10% drenching resulted in maximum plant height (80.63 cm), pod length (8.84 cm), number of pods per plant (21.33), number of seeds per pod (8.07), gross seed yield (12.56 q ha-1), graded seed yield (11.31 q ha-1), speed of germination (8.68 days), 100 seed weight (17.51 g), seed germination (88.33%)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 780–1136 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined FYM and jeevamrit application gave minimum powdery mildew severity in garden pea.

Taxon: garden peaLathyrus oleraceust1
Treatment: Combined application of FYM @ 15 t ha-1 and jeevamrit @ 10% drenchinge0
Interactor: powdery mildewe0pathogen
Outcome: powdery mildew severitye0
Direction: minimume0
Value: 25.33%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t1
“garden pea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 68–78 · show in text ↑

e0
“Combined application of FYM @ 15 t ha-1 and jeevamrit @ 10% drenching resulted in maximum plant height (80.63 cm), pod length (8.84 cm), number of pods per plant (21.33), number of seeds per pod (8.07), gross seed yield (12.56 q ha-1), graded seed yield (11.31 q ha-1), speed of germination (8.68 days), 100 seed weight (17.51 g), seed germination (88.33%), minimum powdery mildew severity (25.33%)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 780–1178 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined FYM and jeevamrit application gave the lowest seed EC in garden pea.

Taxon: garden peaLathyrus oleraceust1
Treatment: Combined application of FYM @ 15 t ha-1 and jeevamrit @ 10% drenchinge0
Outcome: EC of seede0
Direction: loweste0
Value: 15.26 μS cm-1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t1
“garden pea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 68–78 · show in text ↑

e0
“Combined application of FYM @ 15 t ha-1 and jeevamrit @ 10% drenching resulted in maximum plant height (80.63 cm), pod length (8.84 cm), number of pods per plant (21.33), number of seeds per pod (8.07), gross seed yield (12.56 q ha-1), graded seed yield (11.31 q ha-1), speed of germination (8.68 days), 100 seed weight (17.51 g), seed germination (88.33%), minimum powdery mildew severity (25.33%) and lowest EC of seed (15.26 μS cm-1)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 780–1216 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined FYM and jeevamrit application gave the highest net returns in garden pea.

Taxon: garden peaLathyrus oleraceust1
Treatment: Combined application of FYM @ 15 t ha-1 and jeevamrit @ 10% drenchinge0
Outcome: net returnse0
Direction: higheste0
Value: ₹ 195567.5 ha-1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t1
“garden pea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 68–78 · show in text ↑

e0
“Combined application of FYM @ 15 t ha-1 and jeevamrit @ 10% drenching resulted in maximum plant height (80.63 cm), pod length (8.84 cm), number of pods per plant (21.33), number of seeds per pod (8.07), gross seed yield (12.56 q ha-1), graded seed yield (11.31 q ha-1), speed of germination (8.68 days), 100 seed weight (17.51 g), seed germination (88.33%), minimum powdery mildew severity (25.33%) and lowest EC of seed (15.26 μS cm-1) along with highest net returns (₹ 195567.5 ha-1)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 780–1265 · show in text ↑

fertilization · soil: chemistry · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results

15 papers: 14 positive, 1 negative or no effect

13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

no effect
Fertilizers did not change soil pH.
BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY OF VERTISOL CULTIVATED WITH FIELD PEA UNDER NITROGEN FERTILIZATION CONDITIONS · 2012
Opposite direction
positive
Lime at 250 kg/ha with 5 t/ha FYM and 50% RDF significantly improved soil pH after pea harvest.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Soil Fertility, Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Rice-Pea Cropping System on an Upland Acid Soil of Jharkhand · 2011
Same direction
positive
Poultry and sheep manure biochars had higher effects on soil phosphorus and potassium.
Effect of Biochar from Different Origin onPhysio-Chemical Properties of Soil and Yield of Garden Pea ( Pisum sativum L.) at Paklihawa, Rupandehi, Nepal · 2015 · compared with other biochar
Same direction

11 papers more in this group

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application · disease · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results

19 papers: 16 positive, 3 negative or no effect

15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction

no effect
Phostrol soil drenching did not significantly reduce root rot severity.
Assessment of tolerance for reducing yield losses in field pea caused by Aphanomyces root rot · 2013
Opposite direction
no effect
Spraying with fenitrothion had little effect on virus incidence
Aphid infestation and virus infection of peas and beans on the Central Tablelands of New South Wales · 1972
Opposite direction
no effect
Foliar bioagent sprays had no significant effect on leaf blight and powdery mildew severity.
Impact of biocontrol agents on the health of garden pea (Pisum sativum) in Kumaon hills of Himalayas · 2006
Opposite direction

15 papers more in this group

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application · growth · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results

66 papers: 57 positive, 9 negative or no effect

56 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
Soaking pea seeds in imazethapyr did not affect germination, emergence, or growth.
Broomrape (Orobanche crenata) Control with Imazethapyr Applied to Pea (Pisum sativum) Seed · 1996
Opposite direction
negative
Seed soaking with inhibitor reduced shoot elongation in all four pea varieties by at least 50%.
Inhibition of the Growth of Peas by Tris-(2-Diethylaminoethyl)-Phosphate Trihydrochloride · 1966
Opposite direction
negative
Water soaking decreased development of leaves, stipules, petioles and tendrils.
Transplantation Experiments in Peas. III · 1943
Opposite direction

62 papers more in this group

See all 66 papers →

application · yield · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results

83 papers: 79 positive, 4 negative or no effect

78 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction

negative
Foliar fertilizer had a negative impact on the harvest index compared with the control.
The value of different vegetative indices (NDVI, GAI) for the assessment of yield potential of pea (Pisum sativum L.) at different growth stages and under varying management practices · 2018 · compared with the control
Opposite direction
negative
Sprays slightly reduced pea yield significantly.
Effects of Various Plant Growth-Regulators on Flowering in Several Crop Plants · 1950
Opposite direction
negative
All yield criteria declined gradually as sodium azide concentration and soaking duration increased.
Effect of sodium azide on growth criteria, some metabolites, mitotic index and chromosomal abnormalities in Pisum sativum and Vicia faba · 2015
Opposite direction

79 papers more in this group

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fertilization · growth · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results

97 papers: 86 positive, 11 negative or no effect

85 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction

positive
T4 had the fewest days to germination (10.63 days).
Impact of Integrated Use of Inorganic, Organic and Biofertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) · 2023
Same directionCited by this paper
no effect
Fertilizer N below 40 kg N ha -1 had no significant effect on biomass N at flatpod.
Inoculant formulation and fertilizer nitrogen effects on field pea: Nodulation, N₂ fixation and nitrogen partitioning · 2004
Opposite direction
negative
Spent mushroom compost produced poor seed germination.
Organic waste compost and spent mushroom compost as potential growing media components for the sustainable production of microgreens · 2023
Opposite direction

93 papers more in this group

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fertilization · yield · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results

240 papers: 216 positive, 24 negative or no effect

215 papers in the same direction as this paper · 23 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
PP+CMP decreased pea fresh yield by 14.9%.
Organic waste compost and spent mushroom compost as potential growing media components for the sustainable production of microgreens · 2023 · compared with PP
Opposite direction
no effect
Pea yield did not respond significantly to Zn fertilization on any of five soils.
Response of wheat, pea, and canola to micronutrient fertilization on five contrasting prairie soils · 2020
Opposite direction
no effect
Fertilizer treatment had no effect on total dry matter and grain yields in the intercropping and sole crop trials
Comparison of resilience of different plant teams to drought and temperature extremes in Denmark in sole and intercropping systems · 2021
Opposite direction

236 papers more in this group

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application · soil: chemistry · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree

3 papers: 3 positive, 0 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Treatment T4 (75% recommended nutrient dose plus PGPR 1 plus foliar and soil humic acid) significantly improved soil fertility in pea.
Evaluating the impact of PGPR and humic Acid on soil properties and productivity of pea ( Pisum sativum ) · 2025
Same direction
positive
Seed coating with Rhizobium and PSB plus foliar ZnSO4 and FeSO4 gave the lowest electrical conductivity of harvested garden pea seed
Seed Coating Treatments and Foliar Spray of Micronutrients Enhance Quality of Harvested Seeds in Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L.) · 2024 · compared with control
Same direction

See all 3 papers →

fertilization · disease · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree

8 papers: 8 positive, 0 negative or no effect

7 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
CWE reduced pea infection by less than 50% in heavy clay soil.
Measuring Root Disease Suppression in Response to a Compost Water Extract · 2013
Same direction
positive
Streptomycin slurry reduced primary blight infection by almost 90%.
Evaluation of streptomycin seed treatments for the control of bacterial blight of peas ( Pseudomonas pisi Sackett 1916) · 1976
Same direction
positive
Combined Bion, Trichoderma and compost treatment significantly reduced pea damping off and root rot.
Influence of Some Trichoderma spp. in Combination with Compost and Resistance Inducing Chemicals Against Pea Damping-Off and Root-Rot Diseases · 2022 · compared with control treatment
Same direction

4 papers more in this group

See all 8 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 12

The same questions in other papers

fertilization · soil: chemistry · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results

application · disease · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results

application · growth · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results

application · yield · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results

fertilization · growth · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results

fertilization · yield · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results

application · soil: chemistry · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree

fertilization · disease · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree