Abstract
Abstract Introduction Incorporation of inoculum in different carrier materials may increase the efficacy of bacterial inocula. Materials and Methods Field experiments were conducted using two strains of rhizobium and phosphate‐solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and their respective combinations using different carrier materials in common bean‐growing regions in three soil types in Kenya. The field experiment was laid out in a split‐plot arrangement with the strain inoculations as the main plot while the subplots consisted of the carrier materials (filter mud, peat moss and yeast extract mannitol broth [YEMB]). Each main plot included two controls: uninoculated negative control and uninoculated controls that received N and P fertilizer. The experiment was conducted for two cropping seasons. Data were collected on the nodulation, shoot and root biomass and yield. Results Co‐inoculation of the common bean with Rhizobium phaseoli + Bacillus aryabhattai strains had significantly higher number of nodules (55 nodules per plant) compared to single R. phaseoli inoculation (38 nodules). The co‐inoculation of the rhizobia and the PSB yielded statistically at par with the application of diammonium phosphate (18:46:0) across the soil types and seasons. The use of filter mud as a carrier material led to a higher number of nodules for most of the rhizobia strains inoculation and their respective co‐inoculation with the bacillus strains. Significantly higher yield was obtained with the filter mud (1.64 Mg ha −1 ) while there was no significant difference in the yield of common bean between peat moss and YEMB as carrier materials for the bacterial strains. Conclusion The solid carrier material, specifically filter mud, showed potential for use in the formulation of inoculants. Specific co‐inoculation of rhizobia ( R. phaseoli and Rhizobium pusense strains) and PSB ( Paenibacillus polymyxa and B. aryabhattai ) increased the growth, nodulation and yield of common bean more efficiently than the control.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation yielded more nodules than Rhizobium phaseoli alone.
- Taxon
- common bean
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- Co‐inoculation of the common bean with Rhizobium phaseoli + Bacillus aryabhattai strainse0
- Interactor
- Rhizobium phaseoliRhizobium phaseolie0symbiont
- Second interactor
- Bacillus aryabhattaiPriestia aryabhattaie0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of nodulese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 55 nodules per plante0
- Comparator
- single R. phaseoli inoculatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co‐inoculation of the common bean with Rhizobium phaseoli + Bacillus aryabhattai strains had significantly higher number of nodules (55 nodules per plant) compared to single R. phaseoli inoculation (38 nodules).”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobia and PSB co-inoculation yielded comparably to diammonium phosphate across soils and seasons.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- co‐inoculation of the rhizobia and the PSBe0
- Interactor
- rhizobiae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- yielded statistically at pare0
- Qualifier
- across the soil types and seasonse0
- Comparator
- application of diammonium phosphate (18:46:0)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The co‐inoculation of the rhizobia and the PSB yielded statistically at par with the application of diammonium phosphate (18:46:0) across the soil types and seasons.”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Filter mud carrier increased nodules for most inoculant combinations.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- filter mud as a carrier materiale0
- Outcome
- number of nodulese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- most of the rhizobia strains inoculatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of filter mud as a carrier material led to a higher number of nodules for most of the rhizobia strains inoculation and their respective co‐inoculation with the bacillus strains.”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Filter mud carrier gave a significantly higher bean yield of 1.64 Mg ha −1.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- filter mude0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.64 Mg ha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher yield was obtained with the filter mud (1.64 Mg ha −1 )”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Bean yield did not significantly differ between peat moss and YEMB carriers.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- peat mosse0
- Outcome
- yield of common beane0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- YEMBe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no significant difference in the yield of common bean between peat moss and YEMB as carrier materials for the bacterial strains.”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobia and PSB co-inoculation improved bean growth, nodulation and yield relative to control.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Specific co‐inoculation of rhizobiae0
- Interactor
- R. phaseoliRhizobium phaseolie0symbiont
- Second interactor
- Paenibacillus polymyxa
Paenibacillus polymyxae0symbiont - Outcome
- growth, nodulation and yield of common beane0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Specific co‐inoculation of rhizobia ( R. phaseoli and Rhizobium pusense strains) and PSB ( Paenibacillus polymyxa and B. aryabhattai ) increased the growth, nodulation and yield of common bean more efficiently than the control.”
t0“common bean”
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