Abstract
Declines in crop productivity that are thought to be due to iron deficiency have been reported even on non-calcareous-alkaline soils. For example, tomatoes exhibit iron deficiency-like symptoms (yellowing of new leaves) if the fruit load is heavy during winter. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between fruit load, low temperatures, low sunlight, and iron deficiency, and to explore the possibility of increasing productivity with iron-containing fertilizers. Results of an investigation of the farms experiencing iron deficiency-like symptoms in winter showed low iron concentrations and elevated expression of iron deficiency-inducible genes in yellowing leaves. To investigate the effects of heavy fruit load on iron nutrition, plants were grown in three groups: those with a medium number of fruits per truss (MED), a high number of fruits (heavy fruit load; HEAVY), and a high number of fruits with additional iron fertilization (++Fe). The SPAD leaf-color value of the new leaves and weight of the lower leaves in winter were in the order of HEAVY < ++Fe < MED. In all groups, the iron concentrations in the upper leaves in January were lower than those in October and March. RNA-seq analysis showed that the expression of genes involved in iron absorption was suppressed in the roots in January, which may have contributed to iron deficiency in winter. These results suggest that one of the factors limiting the productivity of tomatoes in winter with heavy fruit load is iron, and that productivity can be restored by iron materials.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato farms with winter iron deficiency-like symptoms showed low iron concentrations in yellowing leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Organ / stage
- yellowing leavese1
- Outcome
- iron concentrationse1
- Direction
- lowe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomatoes exhibit iron deficiency-like symptoms (yellowing of new leaves)”
e1“showed low iron concentrations and elevated expression of iron deficiency-inducible genes in yellowing leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Yellowing leaves of tomato farms with iron deficiency-like symptoms showed elevated expression of iron deficiency-inducible genes.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- yellowing leavese1
- Outcome
- expression of iron deficiency-inducible genese1
- Direction
- elevatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomatoes exhibit iron deficiency-like symptoms (yellowing of new leaves)”
e1“showed low iron concentrations and elevated expression of iron deficiency-inducible genes in yellowing leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Under heavy fruit load in winter, the SPAD leaf-color value of new leaves and the weight of lower leaves were lower than under the medium fruit load.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- heavy fruit loade2
- Outcome
- SPAD leaf-color value of the new leaves and weight of the lower leavese3
- Direction
- lowerinferrede3
- Comparator
- medium number of fruits per trusse2
- Setting
- in wintere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomatoes exhibit iron deficiency-like symptoms (yellowing of new leaves)”
e2“those with a medium number of fruits per truss (MED), a high number of fruits (heavy fruit load; HEAVY)”
e3“The SPAD leaf-color value of the new leaves and weight of the lower leaves in winter were in the order of HEAVY < ++Fe < MED”
Claim · model-written summary
In all groups, iron concentrations in the upper leaves in January were lower than in October and March.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- iron concentrations in the upper leavese4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Comparator
- those in October and Marche4
- Setting
- Januarye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomatoes exhibit iron deficiency-like symptoms (yellowing of new leaves)”
e4“In all groups, the iron concentrations in the upper leaves in January were lower than those in October and March”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of genes involved in iron absorption was suppressed in tomato roots in January.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- rootse5
- Outcome
- expression of genes involved in iron absorptione5
- Direction
- suppressede5
- Setting
- Januarye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomatoes exhibit iron deficiency-like symptoms (yellowing of new leaves)”
e5“RNA-seq analysis showed that the expression of genes involved in iron absorption was suppressed in the roots in January, which may have contributed to iron deficiency in winter”
Claim · model-written summary
Suppressed iron-absorption gene expression in roots may have contributed to winter iron deficiency in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- rootse5
- Outcome
- iron deficiency in wintere5
- Qualifier
- which may have contributede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomatoes exhibit iron deficiency-like symptoms (yellowing of new leaves)”
e5“RNA-seq analysis showed that the expression of genes involved in iron absorption was suppressed in the roots in January, which may have contributed to iron deficiency in winter”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron is one of the factors limiting tomato productivity in winter under heavy fruit load.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume6
- Treatment
- heavy fruit loade6
- Compound
- irone6
- Outcome
- productivitye6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“one of the factors limiting the productivity of tomatoes in winter with heavy fruit load is iron”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron materials can restore tomato productivity under heavy fruit load.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume6
- Treatment
- iron materialse7
- Outcome
- productivitye7
- Direction
- restorede7
- Comparator
- heavy fruit loade6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“one of the factors limiting the productivity of tomatoes in winter with heavy fruit load is iron”
e7“productivity can be restored by iron materials”
The same questions in other papers
iron atom · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
20 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
19 papers more in this group
See all 23 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.