Abstract
Irrigation and nitrogen management are crucial for sustainable potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production. A field experiment was conducted during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons at Farmington, New Mexico, to evaluate the performance of two chip potato varieties (Lamoka and Waneta) under three irrigation regimes (full irrigation (FI), 20% deficit irrigation (DI) and 40% DI) and seven nitrogen fertilizer rates (0, 60, 115, 170, 220, 280, and 340 kg N/ha). The treatment combinations of irrigation regimes, nitrogen rates, and varieties were arranged in a split–split plot design with three replications as main plot, sub-plot, and sub-sub plot, respectively. The two-year results showed that irrigation regimes had the most significant effect on plant growth, physiology, and tuber yield of the potato varieties. For both Lamoka and Waneta, the plant height and canopy cover were lower under 40% DI than under 20% DI and FI treatments. The SPAD meter values were higher under 40% DI, followed by 20% DI and FI treatments, whereas the stomatal conductance was higher under FI, followed by 20% DI and 40% DI during both growing seasons. Regardless of nitrogen rates and variety, a 20% water-saving irrigation strategy reduced the total tuber yield by 4.5% and 22.1% in the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons, respectively, while the 40% water-saving irrigation strategy reduced total tuber yield by 36.8% and 58.2% in the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons, respectively, as compared to full irrigation. Shifting from full irrigation to 20% DI could save 711.2 to 1036.3 m3/ha of irrigation water. For Lamoka, the highest total tuber yield was obtained with 60 kg N/ha under 20% DI and 220 kg N/ha under FI in 2022 and 2023, respectively. For Waneta, the highest total tuber yield was obtained with 115 kg N/ha under 20% DI and 170 kg N/ha under FI in 2022 and 2023, respectively. Maximum water use efficiency (WUE) was obtained at 60 kg N/ha with 20% DI for both Lamoka and Waneta in 2022, while maximum WUE was obtained at 220 kg N/ha under FI for Lamoka and at 170 kg N/ha for Waneta in the 2023 season. The maximum nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was achieved with 60 kg N/ha under 20% DI for both varieties during both growing seasons. Thus, for sustainable irrigation and nitrogen management, the application of a 20% deficit irrigation strategy with a lower nitrogen rate (60 to 170 kg N/ha) could be the best option to improve WUE and NUE with minimal tuber yield reduction. Our study suggested that 40% deficit irrigation would not be beneficial as compared to both full irrigation and 20% water-saving irrigation.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Under 40% DI, plant height and canopy cover were lower than under 20% DI and FI for both varieties.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Treatment
- 40% DIe0
- Outcome
- plant height and canopy covere0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- 20% DI and FI treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For both Lamoka and Waneta, the plant height and canopy cover were lower under 40% DI than under 20% DI and FI treatments.”
t0“Potato Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
SPAD values ranked highest under 40% DI, then 20% DI, then FI.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- 40% DIe0
- Outcome
- SPAD meter valuese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- 20% DI and FI treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SPAD meter values were higher under 40% DI, followed by 20% DI and FI treatments, whereas the stomatal conductance was higher under FI, followed by 20% DI and 40% DI during both growing seasons.”
t0“Potato Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal conductance ranked highest under FI, then 20% DI, then 40% DI.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- FIe0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- 20% DI and 40% DIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SPAD meter values were higher under 40% DI, followed by 20% DI and FI treatments, whereas the stomatal conductance was higher under FI, followed by 20% DI and 40% DI during both growing seasons.”
t0“Potato Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
20% water-saving irrigation strategy reduced total tuber yield by 4.5% in 2022 compared with full irrigation.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- 20% water-saving irrigation strategye0
- Outcome
- total tuber yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 4.5%e0
- Qualifier
- 2022e0
- Comparator
- full irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regardless of nitrogen rates and variety, a 20% water-saving irrigation strategy reduced the total tuber yield by 4.5% and 22.1% in the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons, respectively, while the 40% water-saving irrigation strategy reduced total tuber yield by 36.8% and 58.2% in the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons, respectively, as compared to full irrigation.”
t0“Potato Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
20% water-saving irrigation strategy reduced total tuber yield by 22.1% in 2023 compared with full irrigation.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- 20% water-saving irrigation strategye0
- Outcome
- total tuber yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 22.1%e0
- Qualifier
- 2023e0
- Comparator
- full irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regardless of nitrogen rates and variety, a 20% water-saving irrigation strategy reduced the total tuber yield by 4.5% and 22.1% in the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons, respectively, while the 40% water-saving irrigation strategy reduced total tuber yield by 36.8% and 58.2% in the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons, respectively, as compared to full irrigation.”
t0“Potato Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
40% water-saving irrigation strategy reduced total tuber yield by 36.8% in 2022 compared with full irrigation.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- 40% water-saving irrigation strategye0
- Outcome
- total tuber yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 36.8%e0
- Qualifier
- 2022e0
- Comparator
- full irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regardless of nitrogen rates and variety, a 20% water-saving irrigation strategy reduced the total tuber yield by 4.5% and 22.1% in the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons, respectively, while the 40% water-saving irrigation strategy reduced total tuber yield by 36.8% and 58.2% in the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons, respectively, as compared to full irrigation.”
t0“Potato Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
40% water-saving irrigation strategy reduced total tuber yield by 58.2% in 2023 compared with full irrigation.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- 40% water-saving irrigation strategye0
- Outcome
- total tuber yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 58.2%e0
- Qualifier
- 2023e0
- Comparator
- full irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regardless of nitrogen rates and variety, a 20% water-saving irrigation strategy reduced the total tuber yield by 4.5% and 22.1% in the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons, respectively, while the 40% water-saving irrigation strategy reduced total tuber yield by 36.8% and 58.2% in the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons, respectively, as compared to full irrigation.”
t0“Potato Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Changing from FI to 20% DI saved 711.2 to 1036.3 m3/ha of irrigation water.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- 20% DIe0
- Outcome
- irrigation watere0
- Direction
- savee0
- Value
- 711.2 to 1036.3 m3/hae0
- Comparator
- full irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shifting from full irrigation to 20% DI could save 711.2 to 1036.3 m3/ha of irrigation water.”
t0“Potato Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Lamoka attained the highest tuber yield with 60 kg N/ha under 20% DI in 2022.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- Lamokae0
- Treatment
- 60 kg N/ha under 20% DIe0
- Outcome
- highest total tuber yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- 2022e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For Lamoka, the highest total tuber yield was obtained with 60 kg N/ha under 20% DI and 220 kg N/ha under FI in 2022 and 2023, respectively.”
t0“Potato Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Lamoka attained the highest tuber yield with 220 kg N/ha under FI in 2023.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- Lamokae0
- Treatment
- 220 kg N/ha under FIe0
- Outcome
- highest total tuber yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- 2023e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For Lamoka, the highest total tuber yield was obtained with 60 kg N/ha under 20% DI and 220 kg N/ha under FI in 2022 and 2023, respectively.”
t0“Potato Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Waneta attained the highest tuber yield with 115 kg N/ha under 20% DI in 2022.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- Wanetae0
- Treatment
- 115 kg N/ha under 20% DIe0
- Outcome
- highest total tuber yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- 2022e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For Waneta, the highest total tuber yield was obtained with 115 kg N/ha under 20% DI and 170 kg N/ha under FI in 2022 and 2023, respectively.”
t0“Potato Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Waneta attained the highest tuber yield with 170 kg N/ha under FI in 2023.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- Wanetae0
- Treatment
- 170 kg N/ha under FIe0
- Outcome
- highest total tuber yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- 2023e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For Waneta, the highest total tuber yield was obtained with 115 kg N/ha under 20% DI and 170 kg N/ha under FI in 2022 and 2023, respectively.”
t0“Potato Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Both varieties attained maximum WUE at 60 kg N/ha with 20% DI in 2022.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- Lamoka and Wanetae0
- Treatment
- 60 kg N/ha with 20% DIe0
- Outcome
- Maximum water use efficiency (WUE)e0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Qualifier
- 2022e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum water use efficiency (WUE) was obtained at 60 kg N/ha with 20% DI for both Lamoka and Waneta in 2022, while maximum WUE was obtained at 220 kg N/ha under FI for Lamoka and at 170 kg N/ha for Waneta in the 2023 season.”
t0“Potato Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Lamoka attained maximum WUE at 220 kg N/ha under FI in 2023.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- Lamokae0
- Treatment
- 220 kg N/ha under FIe0
- Outcome
- maximum WUEe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- 2023 seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum water use efficiency (WUE) was obtained at 60 kg N/ha with 20% DI for both Lamoka and Waneta in 2022, while maximum WUE was obtained at 220 kg N/ha under FI for Lamoka and at 170 kg N/ha for Waneta in the 2023 season.”
t0“Potato Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Waneta attained maximum WUE at 170 kg N/ha in 2023.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- Wanetae0
- Treatment
- 170 kg N/hae0
- Outcome
- maximum WUEe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- 2023 seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum water use efficiency (WUE) was obtained at 60 kg N/ha with 20% DI for both Lamoka and Waneta in 2022, while maximum WUE was obtained at 220 kg N/ha under FI for Lamoka and at 170 kg N/ha for Waneta in the 2023 season.”
t0“Potato Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Both varieties attained maximum NUE with 60 kg N/ha under 20% DI during both years.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- 60 kg N/ha under 20% DIe0
- Outcome
- maximum nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)e0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- both growing seasonse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was achieved with 60 kg N/ha under 20% DI for both varieties during both growing seasons.”
t0“Potato Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 20% deficit irrigation with 60 to 170 kg N/ha for WUE and NUE with minimal yield reduction.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- application of a 20% deficit irrigation strategy with a lower nitrogen rate (60 to 170 kg N/ha)e0
- Qualifier
- improve WUE and NUE with minimal tuber yield reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thus, for sustainable irrigation and nitrogen management, the application of a 20% deficit irrigation strategy with a lower nitrogen rate (60 to 170 kg N/ha) could be the best option to improve WUE and NUE with minimal tuber yield reduction.”
t0“Potato Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advise against 40% deficit irrigation relative to FI or 20% saving.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- 40% deficit irrigation would not be beneficiale0
- Comparator
- full irrigation and 20% water-saving irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our study suggested that 40% deficit irrigation would not be beneficial as compared to both full irrigation and 20% water-saving irrigation.”
t0“Potato Growth”
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