Abstract
Abstract Lead (Pb) is toxic to the development and growth of rice plants. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been considered one of the efficient remediation techniques to mitigate Pb stress in plants. Therefore, a study was carried out to examine the underlying mechanism of iron (Fe) and silicon (Si) nanoparticle-induced Pb toxicity alleviation in rice seedlings. Si–NPs (2.5 mM) and Fe-NPs (25 mg L −1 ) were applied alone and in combination to rice plants grown without (control; no Pb stress) and with (100 µM) Pb concentration. Our results revealed that Pb toxicity severely affected all rice growth-related traits, such as inhibited root fresh weight (42%), shoot length (24%), and chlorophyll b contents (26%). Moreover, a substantial amount of Pb was translocated to the above-ground parts of plants, which caused a disturbance in the antioxidative enzyme activities. However, the synergetic use of Fe- and Si–NPs reduced the Pb contents in the upper part of plants by 27%. It reduced the lethal impact of Pb on roots and shoots growth parameters by increasing shoot length (40%), shoot fresh weight (48%), and roots fresh weight (31%). Both Si and Fe–NPs synergistic application significantly elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) concentrations by 114%, 186%, 135%, and 151%, respectively, compared to plants subjected to Pb stress alone. The toxicity of Pb resulted in several cellular abnormalities and altered the expression levels of metal transporters and antioxidant genes. We conclude that the synergistic application of Si and Fe-NPs can be deemed favorable, environmentally promising, and cost-effective for reducing Pb deadliness in rice crops and reclaiming Pb-polluted soils.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Pb toxicity inhibited root fresh weight by 42% in rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Pb toxicitye0
- Outcome
- root fresh weighte0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 42%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pb toxicity severely affected all rice growth-related traits, such as inhibited root fresh weight (42%), shoot length (24%), and chlorophyll b contents (26%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb toxicity inhibited shoot length by 24% in rice.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pb toxicity severely affected all rice growth-related traits, such as inhibited root fresh weight (42%), shoot length (24%), and chlorophyll b contents (26%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb toxicity inhibited chlorophyll b content by 26% in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Pb toxicitye0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll b contentse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 26%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pb toxicity severely affected all rice growth-related traits, such as inhibited root fresh weight (42%), shoot length (24%), and chlorophyll b contents (26%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb was translocated to the above-ground parts of rice plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Compound
- Pbe1
- Outcome
- translocated to the above-ground parts of plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pb toxicity severely affected all rice growth-related traits, such as inhibited root fresh weight (42%), shoot length (24%), and chlorophyll b contents (26%)”
e1“a substantial amount of Pb was translocated to the above-ground parts of plants, which caused a disturbance in the antioxidative enzyme activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb caused a disturbance in antioxidative enzyme activities in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Compound
- Pbe1
- Outcome
- antioxidative enzyme activitiese1
- Direction
- disturbancee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pb toxicity severely affected all rice growth-related traits, such as inhibited root fresh weight (42%), shoot length (24%), and chlorophyll b contents (26%)”
e1“a substantial amount of Pb was translocated to the above-ground parts of plants, which caused a disturbance in the antioxidative enzyme activities”
Claim · model-written summary
The synergetic use of Fe- and Si-NPs reduced Pb contents in the upper part of rice plants by 27%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- synergetic use of Fe- and Si–NPse2
- Outcome
- Pb contents in the upper part of plantse2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 27%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pb toxicity severely affected all rice growth-related traits, such as inhibited root fresh weight (42%), shoot length (24%), and chlorophyll b contents (26%)”
e2“the synergetic use of Fe- and Si–NPs reduced the Pb contents in the upper part of plants by 27%”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe- and Si-NPs increased shoot length by 40% under Pb stress in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- synergetic use of Fe- and Si–NPse2
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe3
- Direction
- increasinge3
- Value
- 40%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pb toxicity severely affected all rice growth-related traits, such as inhibited root fresh weight (42%), shoot length (24%), and chlorophyll b contents (26%)”
e2“the synergetic use of Fe- and Si–NPs reduced the Pb contents in the upper part of plants by 27%”
e3“It reduced the lethal impact of Pb on roots and shoots growth parameters by increasing shoot length (40%), shoot fresh weight (48%), and roots fresh weight (31%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe- and Si-NPs increased shoot fresh weight by 48% under Pb stress in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- synergetic use of Fe- and Si–NPse2
- Outcome
- shoot fresh weighte3
- Direction
- increasinge3
- Value
- 48%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pb toxicity severely affected all rice growth-related traits, such as inhibited root fresh weight (42%), shoot length (24%), and chlorophyll b contents (26%)”
e2“the synergetic use of Fe- and Si–NPs reduced the Pb contents in the upper part of plants by 27%”
e3“It reduced the lethal impact of Pb on roots and shoots growth parameters by increasing shoot length (40%), shoot fresh weight (48%), and roots fresh weight (31%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe- and Si-NPs increased root fresh weight by 31% under Pb stress in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- synergetic use of Fe- and Si–NPse2
- Outcome
- roots fresh weighte3
- Direction
- increasinge3
- Value
- 31%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pb toxicity severely affected all rice growth-related traits, such as inhibited root fresh weight (42%), shoot length (24%), and chlorophyll b contents (26%)”
e2“the synergetic use of Fe- and Si–NPs reduced the Pb contents in the upper part of plants by 27%”
e3“It reduced the lethal impact of Pb on roots and shoots growth parameters by increasing shoot length (40%), shoot fresh weight (48%), and roots fresh weight (31%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Si and Fe nanoparticles significantly elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 114% compared with Pb stress alone in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Si and Fe–NPse4
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD)e4
- Direction
- significantly elevatede4
- Value
- 114%e4
- Comparator
- plants subjected to Pb stress alonee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pb toxicity severely affected all rice growth-related traits, such as inhibited root fresh weight (42%), shoot length (24%), and chlorophyll b contents (26%)”
e4“Both Si and Fe–NPs synergistic application significantly elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) concentrations by 114%, 186%, 135%, and 151%, respectively, compared to plants subjected to Pb stress alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Si and Fe nanoparticles significantly elevated peroxidase (POD) by 186% compared with Pb stress alone in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Si and Fe–NPse4
- Outcome
- peroxidase (POD)e4
- Direction
- significantly elevatede4
- Value
- 186%e4
- Comparator
- plants subjected to Pb stress alonee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pb toxicity severely affected all rice growth-related traits, such as inhibited root fresh weight (42%), shoot length (24%), and chlorophyll b contents (26%)”
e4“Both Si and Fe–NPs synergistic application significantly elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) concentrations by 114%, 186%, 135%, and 151%, respectively, compared to plants subjected to Pb stress alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Si and Fe nanoparticles significantly elevated catalase (CAT) by 135% compared with Pb stress alone in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Si and Fe–NPse4
- Outcome
- catalase (CAT)e4
- Direction
- significantly elevatede4
- Value
- 135%e4
- Comparator
- plants subjected to Pb stress alonee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pb toxicity severely affected all rice growth-related traits, such as inhibited root fresh weight (42%), shoot length (24%), and chlorophyll b contents (26%)”
e4“Both Si and Fe–NPs synergistic application significantly elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) concentrations by 114%, 186%, 135%, and 151%, respectively, compared to plants subjected to Pb stress alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Si and Fe nanoparticles significantly elevated glutathione (GSH) by 151% compared with Pb stress alone in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Si and Fe–NPse4
- Outcome
- glutathione (GSH)e4
- Direction
- significantly elevatede4
- Value
- 151%e4
- Comparator
- plants subjected to Pb stress alonee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pb toxicity severely affected all rice growth-related traits, such as inhibited root fresh weight (42%), shoot length (24%), and chlorophyll b contents (26%)”
e4“Both Si and Fe–NPs synergistic application significantly elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) concentrations by 114%, 186%, 135%, and 151%, respectively, compared to plants subjected to Pb stress alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb toxicity altered the expression levels of metal transporters and antioxidant genes in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Compound
- Pbe5
- Outcome
- expression levels of metal transporters and antioxidant genese5
- Direction
- alterede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pb toxicity severely affected all rice growth-related traits, such as inhibited root fresh weight (42%), shoot length (24%), and chlorophyll b contents (26%)”
e5“The toxicity of Pb resulted in several cellular abnormalities and altered the expression levels of metal transporters and antioxidant genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Synergistic application of Si and Fe nanoparticles is favorable for reducing Pb deadliness in rice crops.
- Taxon
- rice cropsOryza sativae6
- Outcome
- reducing Pb deadlinesse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“We conclude that the synergistic application of Si and Fe-NPs can be deemed favorable, environmentally promising, and cost-effective for reducing Pb deadliness in rice crops and reclaiming Pb-polluted soils”
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