Abstract
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is considered a molecule that combines the properties of a stress metabolite and a signaling molecule. At the same time, the importance of its functional interaction with other signaling mediators, in particular, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium ions, for the implementation of stress-protective action on plant cells remains poorly researched. The authors studied the effect of GABA on the resistance of wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L., cultivar Doskonala) to potentially lethal heat stress and the participation of ROS and calcium in the manifestation of the effects of GABA. Treatment of seedlings with GABA in concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mM caused a significant increase in their survival after damaging heating in a water thermostat (10 min at 45°C). Under the influence of GABA, there was a transient increase in the content of hydrogen peroxide in the roots of seedlings, followed by an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase. The specified effects of GABA were eliminated by the preliminary application of the hydrogen peroxide scavenger dimethylthiourea (DMTU) to the root incubation medium and were significantly suppressed in the presence of the NADPH oxidase inhibitor imidazole. At the same time, the treatment of seedlings with the chelator of extracellular calcium EGTA only partially eliminated the increase in the content of hydrogen peroxide and hardly affected the increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the roots under the influence of GABA. Treatment with neomycin, an inhibitor of calcium uptake from intracellular compartments, caused a partial reduction in the effect of GABA on indicators of the state of the pro-/antioxidant system in wheat roots but did not eliminate these effects. Under the influence of GABA, damage to root cell membranes caused by heat stress was significantly reduced, which was manifested in a decrease in the release of UV-B-absorbing compounds from the cells and a decrease in the content of lipid peroxide oxidation products. At the same time, the stress-protective effect of GABA was eliminated by DMTU treatment and changed in the presence of calcium antagonists. A conclusion was made about the important role of ROS generated with the participation of NADPH oxidase in the implementation of the protective effect of GABA on wheat seedlings under conditions of heat stress and the partial dependence of its protective effects on calcium homeostasis.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
GABA at 0.5 and 1 mM significantly increased seedling survival after heat stress.
- Treatment
- GABA in concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mMe0
- Outcome
- survivale0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- 10 min at 45°Ce0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of seedlings with GABA in concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mM caused a significant increase in their survival after damaging heating in a water thermostat (10 min at 45°C).”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA transiently increased root hydrogen peroxide.
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- GABAe0
- Outcome
- content of hydrogen peroxidee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- transiente0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Under the influence of GABA, there was a transient increase in the content of hydrogen peroxide in the roots of seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase activities.
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidasee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“followed by an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase.”
Claim · model-written summary
DMTU eliminated the specified GABA effects.
- Treatment
- preliminary application of the hydrogen peroxide scavenger dimethylthiourea (DMTU)e0
- Outcome
- effects of GABAe0
- Direction
- eliminatede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The specified effects of GABA were eliminated by the preliminary application of the hydrogen peroxide scavenger dimethylthiourea (DMTU) to the root incubation medium”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidazole significantly suppressed the specified GABA effects.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorOutcome
Verbatim
e0“were significantly suppressed in the presence of the NADPH oxidase inhibitor imidazole.”
Claim · model-written summary
EGTA only partly removed the GABA induced hydrogen peroxide increase.
- Treatment
- chelator of extracellular calcium EGTAe0
- Outcome
- content of hydrogen peroxidee0
- Direction
- partially eliminatede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the treatment of seedlings with the chelator of extracellular calcium EGTA only partially eliminated the increase in the content of hydrogen peroxide”
Claim · model-written summary
EGTA hardly affected the GABA induced antioxidant enzyme increase.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“hardly affected the increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the roots under the influence of GABA.”
Claim · model-written summary
Neomycin partly reduced GABA effects on pro and antioxidant indicators.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- neomycine0
- Outcome
- effect of GABA on indicators of the state of the pro-/antioxidant systeme0
- Direction
- partial reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with neomycin, an inhibitor of calcium uptake from intracellular compartments, caused a partial reduction in the effect of GABA on indicators of the state of the pro-/antioxidant system in wheat roots but did not eliminate these effects.”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA significantly reduced heat induced root membrane damage.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Under the influence of GABA, damage to root cell membranes caused by heat stress was significantly reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA decreased release of UV-B absorbing compounds.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“a decrease in the release of UV-B-absorbing compounds from the cells”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA decreased lipid peroxide oxidation products.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“a decrease in the content of lipid peroxide oxidation products.”
Claim · model-written summary
DMTU eliminated GABA heat stress protection.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the stress-protective effect of GABA was eliminated by DMTU treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium antagonists changed GABA heat stress protection.
- Treatment
- calcium antagonistse0
Not reportedTaxonComparatorOutcomeDirection
Verbatim
e0“changed in the presence of calcium antagonists.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors attribute GABA protection partly to NADPH oxidase generated ROS and calcium homeostasis.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- protective effect of GABAe0
- Qualifier
- ROS generated with the participation of NADPH oxidasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A conclusion was made about the important role of ROS generated with the participation of NADPH oxidase in the implementation of the protective effect of GABA on wheat seedlings under conditions of heat stress and the partial dependence of its protective effects on calcium homeostasis.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.