Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) effects on heat resistance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) coleoptiles induced by 24-epibrassinolide (24-EB) have been investigated. Coleoptiles’ survival after damaging heating (43°С, 10 min) increased when they were treated preliminarily with 5–200 nM of 24-EB. After 24-EB treatment, transient amplification of nitric oxide (NO) and also ROS (superoxide anion-radical (O 2 •− ) and hydrogen peroxide) generation by coleoptiles was noted. Coleoptiles pretreatment with inhibitors of nitrate reductase and an enzyme similar to animal NO-synthase partially removed the increase of NO content caused by the action of 24-EB. Amplification of superoxide anion-radical generation caused by 24-EB was depressed under the influence of imidazole (NADPH-oxidase inhibitor). Calcium antagonists (EGTA and neomycin) largely neutralized the 24-EB-induced increase in generation of both O 2 •− and NO. The increase in NO content in coleoptile tissues caused by 24-EB was almost completely leveled by antioxidants and partly by imidazole. 24-EB-induced enhancement of the superoxide anion-radical generation was partially suppressed by the action of NO scavenger PTIO (2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide) and the inhibitors of nitrate reductase and an enzyme similar to animal NO-synthase. Positive 24-EB effect on the heat resistance of wheat coleoptiles was leveled by PTIO, inhibitors of enzymes that generate NO, antioxidants, an inhibitor of NADPH-oxidase imidazole, and calcium antagonists. A conclusion was made on the role of NO in brassinosteroid signal transduction inducing heat resistance development of coleoptiles and on the functional interaction between NO, ROS, and calcium ions as the signal mediators.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
24-EB pretreatment increased wheat coleoptile survival after heat damage.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- Coleoptilese0
- Treatment
- 5–200 nM of 24-EBe0
- Outcome
- survivale0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- damaging heating (43°С, 10 min)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Coleoptiles’ survival after damaging heating (43°С, 10 min) increased when they were treated preliminarily with 5–200 nM of 24-EB”
t0“Wheat Coleoptiles”
Claim · model-written summary
24-EB transiently amplified nitric oxide generation in coleoptiles.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 24-EB treatmente0
- Outcome
- nitric oxide (NO)e0
- Direction
- amplificatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 24-EB treatment, transient amplification of nitric oxide (NO) and also ROS (superoxide anion-radical (O 2 •− ) and hydrogen peroxide) generation by coleoptiles was noted”
t0“Wheat Coleoptiles”
Claim · model-written summary
24-EB transiently amplified superoxide generation in coleoptiles.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 24-EB treatmente0
- Outcome
- superoxide anion-radical (O 2 •− )e0
- Direction
- amplificatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 24-EB treatment, transient amplification of nitric oxide (NO) and also ROS (superoxide anion-radical (O 2 •− ) and hydrogen peroxide) generation by coleoptiles was noted”
t0“Wheat Coleoptiles”
Claim · model-written summary
24-EB transiently amplified hydrogen peroxide generation in coleoptiles.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 24-EB treatmente0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxidee0
- Direction
- amplificatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 24-EB treatment, transient amplification of nitric oxide (NO) and also ROS (superoxide anion-radical (O 2 •− ) and hydrogen peroxide) generation by coleoptiles was noted”
t0“Wheat Coleoptiles”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibitors of nitrate reductase and an NO-synthase-like enzyme partly removed the 24-EB-driven rise in NO content.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- inhibitors of nitrate reductase and an enzyme similar to animal NO-synthasee0
- Outcome
- NO contente0
- Direction
- partially removede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Coleoptiles pretreatment with inhibitors of nitrate reductase and an enzyme similar to animal NO-synthase partially removed the increase of NO content caused by the action of 24-EB”
t0“Wheat Coleoptiles”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidazole depressed 24-EB-induced superoxide generation.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- imidazolee0
- Outcome
- superoxide anion-radical generatione0
- Direction
- depressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Amplification of superoxide anion-radical generation caused by 24-EB was depressed under the influence of imidazole (NADPH-oxidase inhibitor)”
t0“Wheat Coleoptiles”
Claim · model-written summary
EGTA largely neutralized the 24-EB-induced rise in superoxide and NO generation.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- EGTAe0
- Outcome
- generation of both O 2 •− and NOe0
- Direction
- largely neutralizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium antagonists (EGTA and neomycin) largely neutralized the 24-EB-induced increase in generation of both O 2 •− and NO”
t0“Wheat Coleoptiles”
Claim · model-written summary
Neomycin largely neutralized the 24-EB-induced rise in superoxide and NO generation.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- neomycine0
- Outcome
- generation of both O 2 •− and NOe0
- Direction
- largely neutralizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium antagonists (EGTA and neomycin) largely neutralized the 24-EB-induced increase in generation of both O 2 •− and NO”
t0“Wheat Coleoptiles”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidants almost completely leveled the 24-EB-induced NO increase.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- antioxidantse0
- Outcome
- NO contente0
- Direction
- almost completely levelede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in NO content in coleoptile tissues caused by 24-EB was almost completely leveled by antioxidants and partly by imidazole”
t0“Wheat Coleoptiles”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidazole partly leveled the 24-EB-induced NO increase.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- imidazolee0
- Outcome
- NO contente0
- Direction
- partlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in NO content in coleoptile tissues caused by 24-EB was almost completely leveled by antioxidants and partly by imidazole”
t0“Wheat Coleoptiles”
Claim · model-written summary
PTIO partly suppressed 24-EB-induced superoxide generation.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- PTIOe0
- Outcome
- superoxide anion-radical generatione0
- Direction
- partially suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“24-EB-induced enhancement of the superoxide anion-radical generation was partially suppressed by the action of NO scavenger PTIO (2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide) and the inhibitors of nitrate reductase and an enzyme similar to animal NO-synthase”
t0“Wheat Coleoptiles”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibitors of NO-generating enzymes partly suppressed 24-EB-induced superoxide generation.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- inhibitors of nitrate reductase and an enzyme similar to animal NO-synthasee0
- Outcome
- superoxide anion-radical generatione0
- Direction
- partially suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“24-EB-induced enhancement of the superoxide anion-radical generation was partially suppressed by the action of NO scavenger PTIO (2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide) and the inhibitors of nitrate reductase and an enzyme similar to animal NO-synthase”
t0“Wheat Coleoptiles”
Claim · model-written summary
PTIO leveled the positive 24-EB effect on coleoptile heat resistance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- PTIOe0
- Outcome
- heat resistancee0
- Direction
- levelede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Positive 24-EB effect on the heat resistance of wheat coleoptiles was leveled by PTIO, inhibitors of enzymes that generate NO, antioxidants, an inhibitor of NADPH-oxidase imidazole, and calcium antagonists”
t0“Wheat Coleoptiles”
Claim · model-written summary
NO-generating enzyme inhibitors leveled the positive 24-EB effect on heat resistance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- inhibitors of enzymes that generate NOe0
- Outcome
- heat resistancee0
- Direction
- levelede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Positive 24-EB effect on the heat resistance of wheat coleoptiles was leveled by PTIO, inhibitors of enzymes that generate NO, antioxidants, an inhibitor of NADPH-oxidase imidazole, and calcium antagonists”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidants leveled the positive 24-EB effect on heat resistance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- antioxidantse0
- Outcome
- heat resistancee0
- Direction
- levelede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Positive 24-EB effect on the heat resistance of wheat coleoptiles was leveled by PTIO, inhibitors of enzymes that generate NO, antioxidants, an inhibitor of NADPH-oxidase imidazole, and calcium antagonists”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidazole leveled the positive 24-EB effect on heat resistance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- imidazolee0
- Outcome
- heat resistancee0
- Direction
- levelede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Positive 24-EB effect on the heat resistance of wheat coleoptiles was leveled by PTIO, inhibitors of enzymes that generate NO, antioxidants, an inhibitor of NADPH-oxidase imidazole, and calcium antagonists”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium antagonists leveled the positive 24-EB effect on heat resistance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- calcium antagonistse0
- Outcome
- heat resistancee0
- Direction
- levelede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Positive 24-EB effect on the heat resistance of wheat coleoptiles was leveled by PTIO, inhibitors of enzymes that generate NO, antioxidants, an inhibitor of NADPH-oxidase imidazole, and calcium antagonists”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors concluded NO participates in brassinosteroid signaling for heat resistance, interacting with ROS and calcium ions.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Compound
- NOe0
- Outcome
- heat resistance development of coleoptilese0
- Qualifier
- functional interaction between NO, ROS, and calcium ionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A conclusion was made on the role of NO in brassinosteroid signal transduction inducing heat resistance development of coleoptiles and on the functional interaction between NO, ROS, and calcium ions as the signal mediators”
t0“Wheat Coleoptiles”
The same questions in other papers
nitric oxide · tolerance: abiotic · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
antioxidant · molecular: metabolites · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →calcium atom · tolerance: abiotic · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →imidazole · molecular: metabolites · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
imidazole · tolerance: abiotic · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
neomycin · molecular: metabolites · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
antioxidant · tolerance: abiotic · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
imidazole · physiology: oxidative · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- no effect
8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.