Abstract
In order to increase plants tolerance to drought, the idea of treating them with stress-protecting compounds exogenously is being considered. In this study, we aimed to evaluate and compare the impact of exogenous calcium, proline, and plant probiotics on the response of winter wheat to drought stress. The research was carried out under controlled conditions, simulating a prolonged drought from 6 to 18 days. Seedlings were treated with ProbioHumus 2 µL g−1 for seed priming, 1 mL 100 mL−1 for seedling spraying, and proline 1 mM according to the scheme. 70 g m−2 CaCO3 was added to the soil. All tested compounds improved the prolonged drought tolerance of winter wheat. ProbioHumus, ProbioHumus + Ca had the greatest effect on maintaining the relative leaf water content (RWC) and in maintaining growth parameters close to those of irrigated plants. They delayed and reduced the stimulation of ethylene emission in drought-stressed leaves. Seedlings treated with ProbioHumus and ProbioHumus + Ca had a significantly lower degree of membrane damage induced by ROS. Molecular studies of drought-responsive genes revealed substantially lower expression of Ca and Probiotics + Ca treated plants vs. drought control. The results of this study showed that the use of probiotics in combination with Ca can activate defense reactions that can compensate for the adverse effects of drought stress.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
All tested compounds improved prolonged drought tolerance in winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- exogenous calcium, proline, and plant probioticse1
- Outcome
- prolonged drought tolerancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All tested compounds improved the prolonged drought tolerance of winter wheat.”
e1“exogenous calcium, proline, and plant probiotics”
Claim · model-written summary
ProbioHumus and ProbioHumus + Ca best maintained relative leaf water content during drought.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ProbioHumus, ProbioHumus + Cae0
- Outcome
- relative leaf water content (RWC)e0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ProbioHumus, ProbioHumus + Ca had the greatest effect on maintaining the relative leaf water content (RWC)”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
ProbioHumus and ProbioHumus + Ca kept growth parameters close to irrigated plants.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ProbioHumus, ProbioHumus + Cae0
- Outcome
- growth parameterse0
- Direction
- maintaininge0
- Comparator
- irrigated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ProbioHumus, ProbioHumus + Ca had the greatest effect on maintaining the relative leaf water content (RWC) and in maintaining growth parameters close to those of irrigated plants.”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
ProbioHumus and ProbioHumus + Ca delayed and reduced ethylene emission stimulation in drought-stressed leaves.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- ProbioHumus, ProbioHumus + Cae1
- Outcome
- ethylene emissione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They delayed and reduced the stimulation of ethylene emission in drought-stressed leaves.”
e1“ProbioHumus, ProbioHumus + Ca”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
ProbioHumus and ProbioHumus + Ca significantly lowered ROS-induced membrane damage in seedlings.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- Seedlingse0
- Treatment
- ProbioHumus and ProbioHumus + Cae0
- Outcome
- membrane damage induced by ROSe0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings treated with ProbioHumus and ProbioHumus + Ca had a significantly lower degree of membrane damage induced by ROS.”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium treatment reduced drought-responsive gene expression relative to drought control.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cae0
- Gene
- drought-responsive genese0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- drought controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Molecular studies of drought-responsive genes revealed substantially lower expression of Ca and Probiotics + Ca treated plants vs. drought control.”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
Probiotics plus calcium reduced drought-responsive gene expression relative to drought control.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Probiotics + Cae0
- Gene
- drought-responsive genese0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- drought controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Molecular studies of drought-responsive genes revealed substantially lower expression of Ca and Probiotics + Ca treated plants vs. drought control.”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude probiotics with calcium can activate defenses that compensate for drought effects.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- probiotics in combination with Cae0
- Outcome
- defense reactionse0
- Qualifier
- compensate for the adverse effects of drought stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of probiotics in combination with Ca can activate defense reactions that can compensate for the adverse effects of drought stress.”
t0“Triticum aestivum”
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