Abstract
Sensor based irrigation scheduling plays a vital role to rationalize irrigation water. A field experiment was conducted at AICRP on Dryland Agriculture, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru during 2021-22 and 2022-23 to study the effect of irrigation scheduling in spinach Irrigation was assessed at 75, 50 and 25% ASM along with surface irrigation as a control. Scheduling irrigation at 75% ASM resulted in significantly higher growth attributes viz., plant height (36.18 and 37.83 cm, respectively), number of leaves (22.61 and 22.19, respectively), leaf length (34.17, 35.23 cm, respectively) leaf width (11.10 and 10.29 cm, respectively), fresh weight (55.95 and 63.38 g plant-1) and dry weight (6.20 and 5.06 g plant-1) at 30 and 60 DAS, respectively. Furthermore, scheduling irrigation at 75% ASM resulted in the higher mean leaf yield (3.85 t ha-1) compared to surface irrigation (2.89 t ha-1). Water use compared to surface irrigation decreased by 60.00 and 57.18 per cent at 75% ASM, 51.90 and 50.92 per cent at 50% ASM and 46.00 and 48.00 per cent at 25% ASM during 2021 and 2022, respectively. WUE followed a descending order: 75% ASM (3.15 kg m-3) > 50% ASM (2.28 kg m-3) > 25% ASM (1.06 kg m-3) > surface irrigation (0.96 kg m-3). The gross return (Rs. 456966 ha-1), net return (Rs. 223736 ha-1) and B: C ratio (1.96) recorded substantially higher at 75% ASM over surface irrigation.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 75% ASM increased spinach plant height.
- Taxon
- spinach
Spinacia oleraceat0 - Treatment
- Scheduling irrigation at 75% ASMe1
- Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 36.18 and 37.83 cme1
- Qualifier
- 30 and 60 DASe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)”
e1“Scheduling irrigation at 75% ASM resulted in significantly higher growth attributes viz., plant height (36.18 and 37.83 cm, respectively), number of leaves (22.61 and 22.19, respectively), leaf length (34.17, 35.23 cm, respectively) leaf width (11.10 and 10.29 cm, respectively), fresh weight (55.95 and 63.38 g plant-1) and dry weight (6.20 and 5.06 g plant-1) at 30 and 60 DAS, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 75% ASM increased spinach leaf number.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- Scheduling irrigation at 75% ASMe1
- Outcome
- number of leavese1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 22.61 and 22.19e1
- Qualifier
- 30 and 60 DASe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)”
e1“Scheduling irrigation at 75% ASM resulted in significantly higher growth attributes viz., plant height (36.18 and 37.83 cm, respectively), number of leaves (22.61 and 22.19, respectively), leaf length (34.17, 35.23 cm, respectively) leaf width (11.10 and 10.29 cm, respectively), fresh weight (55.95 and 63.38 g plant-1) and dry weight (6.20 and 5.06 g plant-1) at 30 and 60 DAS, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 75% ASM increased spinach leaf length.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- Scheduling irrigation at 75% ASMe1
- Outcome
- leaf lengthe1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 34.17, 35.23 cme1
- Qualifier
- 30 and 60 DASe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)”
e1“Scheduling irrigation at 75% ASM resulted in significantly higher growth attributes viz., plant height (36.18 and 37.83 cm, respectively), number of leaves (22.61 and 22.19, respectively), leaf length (34.17, 35.23 cm, respectively) leaf width (11.10 and 10.29 cm, respectively), fresh weight (55.95 and 63.38 g plant-1) and dry weight (6.20 and 5.06 g plant-1) at 30 and 60 DAS, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 75% ASM increased spinach leaf width.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- Scheduling irrigation at 75% ASMe1
- Outcome
- leaf widthe1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 11.10 and 10.29 cme1
- Qualifier
- 30 and 60 DASe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)”
e1“Scheduling irrigation at 75% ASM resulted in significantly higher growth attributes viz., plant height (36.18 and 37.83 cm, respectively), number of leaves (22.61 and 22.19, respectively), leaf length (34.17, 35.23 cm, respectively) leaf width (11.10 and 10.29 cm, respectively), fresh weight (55.95 and 63.38 g plant-1) and dry weight (6.20 and 5.06 g plant-1) at 30 and 60 DAS, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 75% ASM increased spinach fresh weight per plant.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- Scheduling irrigation at 75% ASMe1
- Outcome
- fresh weighte1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 55.95 and 63.38 g plant-1e1
- Qualifier
- 30 and 60 DASe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)”
e1“Scheduling irrigation at 75% ASM resulted in significantly higher growth attributes viz., plant height (36.18 and 37.83 cm, respectively), number of leaves (22.61 and 22.19, respectively), leaf length (34.17, 35.23 cm, respectively) leaf width (11.10 and 10.29 cm, respectively), fresh weight (55.95 and 63.38 g plant-1) and dry weight (6.20 and 5.06 g plant-1) at 30 and 60 DAS, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 75% ASM increased spinach dry weight per plant.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- Scheduling irrigation at 75% ASMe1
- Outcome
- dry weighte1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 6.20 and 5.06 g plant-1e1
- Qualifier
- 30 and 60 DASe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)”
e1“Scheduling irrigation at 75% ASM resulted in significantly higher growth attributes viz., plant height (36.18 and 37.83 cm, respectively), number of leaves (22.61 and 22.19, respectively), leaf length (34.17, 35.23 cm, respectively) leaf width (11.10 and 10.29 cm, respectively), fresh weight (55.95 and 63.38 g plant-1) and dry weight (6.20 and 5.06 g plant-1) at 30 and 60 DAS, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 75% ASM gave a higher mean leaf yield than surface irrigation.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- scheduling irrigation at 75% ASMe2
- Outcome
- mean leaf yielde2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 3.85 t ha-1e2
- Qualifier
- 2.89 t ha-1e2
- Comparator
- surface irrigatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)”
e2“scheduling irrigation at 75% ASM resulted in the higher mean leaf yield (3.85 t ha-1) compared to surface irrigation (2.89 t ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 75% ASM decreased water use compared with surface irrigation by 60.00 and 57.18 per cent.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- 75% ASMe3
- Outcome
- Water usee3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 60.00 and 57.18 per cente3
- Qualifier
- 2021 and 2022e3
- Comparator
- surface irrigatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)”
e3“Water use compared to surface irrigation decreased by 60.00 and 57.18 per cent at 75% ASM, 51.90 and 50.92 per cent at 50% ASM and 46.00 and 48.00 per cent at 25% ASM during 2021 and 2022, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 50% ASM decreased water use compared with surface irrigation by 51.90 and 50.92 per cent.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- 50% ASMe3
- Outcome
- Water usee3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 51.90 and 50.92 per cente3
- Qualifier
- 2021 and 2022e3
- Comparator
- surface irrigatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)”
e3“Water use compared to surface irrigation decreased by 60.00 and 57.18 per cent at 75% ASM, 51.90 and 50.92 per cent at 50% ASM and 46.00 and 48.00 per cent at 25% ASM during 2021 and 2022, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 25% ASM decreased water use compared with surface irrigation by 46.00 and 48.00 per cent.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- 25% ASMe3
- Outcome
- Water usee3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 46.00 and 48.00 per cente3
- Qualifier
- 2021 and 2022e3
- Comparator
- surface irrigatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)”
e3“Water use compared to surface irrigation decreased by 60.00 and 57.18 per cent at 75% ASM, 51.90 and 50.92 per cent at 50% ASM and 46.00 and 48.00 per cent at 25% ASM during 2021 and 2022, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 75% ASM gave a water use efficiency of 3.15 kg m-3, higher than surface irrigation.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- 75% ASMe4
- Outcome
- WUEe4
- Direction
- higherinferrede4
- Value
- 3.15 kg m-3e4
- Qualifier
- 0.96 kg m-3e4
- Comparator
- surface irrigatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)”
e4“WUE followed a descending order: 75% ASM (3.15 kg m-3) > 50% ASM (2.28 kg m-3) > 25% ASM (1.06 kg m-3) > surface irrigation (0.96 kg m-3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 50% ASM gave a water use efficiency of 2.28 kg m-3, higher than surface irrigation.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- 50% ASMe4
- Outcome
- WUEe4
- Direction
- higherinferrede4
- Value
- 2.28 kg m-3e4
- Qualifier
- 0.96 kg m-3e4
- Comparator
- surface irrigatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)”
e4“WUE followed a descending order: 75% ASM (3.15 kg m-3) > 50% ASM (2.28 kg m-3) > 25% ASM (1.06 kg m-3) > surface irrigation (0.96 kg m-3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 25% ASM gave a water use efficiency of 1.06 kg m-3, higher than surface irrigation.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- 25% ASMe4
- Outcome
- WUEe4
- Direction
- higherinferrede4
- Value
- 1.06 kg m-3e4
- Qualifier
- 0.96 kg m-3e4
- Comparator
- surface irrigatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)”
e4“WUE followed a descending order: 75% ASM (3.15 kg m-3) > 50% ASM (2.28 kg m-3) > 25% ASM (1.06 kg m-3) > surface irrigation (0.96 kg m-3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 75% ASM gave a gross return of Rs. 456966 per hectare, higher than surface irrigation.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- 75% ASMe5
- Outcome
- gross returne5
- Direction
- highere5
- Value
- Rs. 456966 ha-1e5
- Comparator
- surface irrigatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)”
e5“The gross return (Rs. 456966 ha-1), net return (Rs. 223736 ha-1) and B: C ratio (1.96) recorded substantially higher at 75% ASM over surface irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 75% ASM gave a net return of Rs. 223736 per hectare, higher than surface irrigation.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- 75% ASMe5
- Outcome
- net returne5
- Direction
- highere5
- Value
- Rs. 223736 ha-1e5
- Comparator
- surface irrigatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)”
e5“The gross return (Rs. 456966 ha-1), net return (Rs. 223736 ha-1) and B: C ratio (1.96) recorded substantially higher at 75% ASM over surface irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 75% ASM gave a B:C ratio of 1.96, higher than surface irrigation.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- 75% ASMe5
- Outcome
- B: C ratioe5
- Direction
- highere5
- Value
- 1.96e5
- Comparator
- surface irrigatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)”
e5“The gross return (Rs. 456966 ha-1), net return (Rs. 223736 ha-1) and B: C ratio (1.96) recorded substantially higher at 75% ASM over surface irrigation”
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See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.