Abstract
The spectral composition of light influences the biosynthesis of flavonoids in many plants. However, the detailed composition of flavonoids and anthocyanins and the molecular basis for their biosynthesis in strawberry fruits under two light-quality treatments, red light supplemented with blue light (RB) and ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation, remain unclear. In this study, the content of flavonoids and anthocyanins was significantly increased in strawberry fruits under RB light and UVB, respectively. The content of flavonoids and anthocyanins in strawberry fruits under UVB light was dramatically higher than that in strawberry fruits irradiated with RB light, and a total of 518 metabolites were detected by means of LC-MS/MS analysis. Among them, 18 phenolic acids, 23 flavonoids, and 8 anthocyanins were differentially accumulated in the strawberry fruits irradiated with red/blue (RB) light compared to 30 phenolic acids, 46 flavonoids, and 9 anthocyanins in fruits irradiated with UVB. The major genes associated with the biosynthesis of flavonoids and anthocyanins, including structural genes and transcription factors (TFs), were differentially expressed in the strawberry fruits under RB and UVB irradiation, as determined through RNA-seq data analysis. A correlation test of transcriptome and metabolite profiling showed that the expression patterns of most genes in the biosynthesis pathway of flavonoids and anthocyanins were closely correlated with the differential accumulation of flavonoids and anthocyanins. Two TFs, bZIP (FvH4_2g36400) and AP2 (FvH4_1g21210), induced by RB and UVB irradiation, respectively, exhibited similar expression patterns to most structural genes, which were closely correlated with six and eight flavonoids, respectively. These results indicated that these two TFs regulated the biosynthesis of flavonoids and anthocyanins in strawberry fruit under RB light and UVB, respectively. These results provide a systematic and comprehensive understanding of the accumulation of flavonoids and anthocyanins and the molecular basis for their biosynthesis in strawberry fruits under RB light and UVB.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
RB light significantly increased flavonoid content in strawberry fruits.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae0 - Organ / stage
- fruitse0
- Treatment
- RB lighte0
- Outcome
- content of flavonoidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the content of flavonoids and anthocyanins was significantly increased in strawberry fruits under RB light and UVB, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
UVB significantly increased anthocyanin content in strawberry fruits.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Organ / stage
- fruitse0
- Treatment
- UVBe0
- Outcome
- anthocyaninse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the content of flavonoids and anthocyanins was significantly increased in strawberry fruits under RB light and UVB, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
UVB yielded higher flavonoid content than RB light.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Organ / stage
- fruitse0
- Treatment
- UVB lighte0
- Outcome
- flavonoidse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- RB lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of flavonoids and anthocyanins in strawberry fruits under UVB light was dramatically higher than that in strawberry fruits irradiated with RB light”
Claim · model-written summary
UVB yielded higher anthocyanin content than RB light.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Organ / stage
- fruitse0
- Treatment
- UVB lighte0
- Outcome
- anthocyaninse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- RB lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of flavonoids and anthocyanins in strawberry fruits under UVB light was dramatically higher than that in strawberry fruits irradiated with RB light”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolite analysis detected 518 metabolites in strawberry fruit.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- metabolitese0
- Value
- 518e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a total of 518 metabolites were detected by means of LC-MS/MS analysis”
t0“Strawberry Flesh”
Claim · model-written summary
RB light yielded 18 differentially accumulated phenolic acids.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- red/blue (RB) lighte0
- Outcome
- phenolic acidse0
- Value
- 18e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“18 phenolic acids, 23 flavonoids, and 8 anthocyanins were differentially accumulated in the strawberry fruits irradiated with red/blue (RB) light”
Claim · model-written summary
RB light yielded 23 differentially accumulated flavonoids.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- red/blue (RB) lighte0
- Outcome
- flavonoidse0
- Value
- 23e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“18 phenolic acids, 23 flavonoids, and 8 anthocyanins were differentially accumulated in the strawberry fruits irradiated with red/blue (RB) light”
Claim · model-written summary
RB light yielded eight differentially accumulated anthocyanins.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- red/blue (RB) lighte0
- Outcome
- anthocyaninse0
- Value
- 8e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“18 phenolic acids, 23 flavonoids, and 8 anthocyanins were differentially accumulated in the strawberry fruits irradiated with red/blue (RB) light”
Claim · model-written summary
UVB light yielded 30 differentially accumulated phenolic acids.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- UVBe0
- Outcome
- phenolic acidse0
- Value
- 30e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“30 phenolic acids, 46 flavonoids, and 9 anthocyanins in fruits irradiated with UVB”
t0“Strawberry Flesh”
Claim · model-written summary
UVB light yielded 46 differentially accumulated flavonoids.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- UVBe0
- Outcome
- flavonoidse0
- Value
- 46e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“30 phenolic acids, 46 flavonoids, and 9 anthocyanins in fruits irradiated with UVB”
t0“Strawberry Flesh”
Claim · model-written summary
UVB light yielded nine differentially accumulated anthocyanins.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- UVBe0
- Outcome
- anthocyaninse0
- Value
- 9e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“30 phenolic acids, 46 flavonoids, and 9 anthocyanins in fruits irradiated with UVB”
t0“Strawberry Flesh”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthetic genes were differentially expressed under RB and UVB.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- RB and UVB irradiatione0
- Gene
- structural genes and transcription factors (TFs)e0
- Outcome
- differentially expressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The major genes associated with the biosynthesis of flavonoids and anthocyanins, including structural genes and transcription factors (TFs), were differentially expressed in the strawberry fruits under RB and UVB irradiation”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression patterns of most pathway genes correlated with differential flavonoid and anthocyanin accumulation.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Gene
- genes in the biosynthesis pathway of flavonoids and anthocyaninse0
- Outcome
- differential accumulation of flavonoids and anthocyaninse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression patterns of most genes in the biosynthesis pathway of flavonoids and anthocyanins were closely correlated with the differential accumulation of flavonoids and anthocyanins”
t0“Strawberry Flesh”
Claim · model-written summary
RB-induced bZIP expression resembled structural genes and correlated with six flavonoids.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- RBe0
- Gene
- bZIP (FvH4_2g36400)e0
- Outcome
- similar expression patterns to most structural genese0
- Value
- sixe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two TFs, bZIP (FvH4_2g36400) and AP2 (FvH4_1g21210), induced by RB and UVB irradiation, respectively, exhibited similar expression patterns to most structural genes, which were closely correlated with six and eight flavonoids, respectively”
t0“Strawberry Flesh”
Claim · model-written summary
UVB-induced AP2 expression resembled structural genes and correlated with eight flavonoids.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- UVBe0
- Gene
- AP2 (FvH4_1g21210)e0
- Outcome
- similar expression patterns to most structural genese0
- Value
- eighte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two TFs, bZIP (FvH4_2g36400) and AP2 (FvH4_1g21210), induced by RB and UVB irradiation, respectively, exhibited similar expression patterns to most structural genes, which were closely correlated with six and eight flavonoids, respectively”
t0“Strawberry Flesh”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer that bZIP regulated flavonoid biosynthesis under RB light.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- RB lighte0
- Gene
- TFse0
- Outcome
- biosynthesis of flavonoidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these two TFs regulated the biosynthesis of flavonoids and anthocyanins in strawberry fruit under RB light and UVB, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer that AP2 regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis under UVB.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- UVBe0
- Gene
- TFse0
- Outcome
- anthocyaninse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these two TFs regulated the biosynthesis of flavonoids and anthocyanins in strawberry fruit under RB light and UVB, respectively”
The same questions in other papers
light · quality: phytochemicals · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results differ
27 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
28 papers more in this group
See all 32 papers →uv · quality: phytochemicals · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.