Paper · 2024 · International Journal of Research in Agronomy

Influence of biofertilizers and micronutrients on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.)

Kumar Raj; Rajesh Singh; Akankhya Pradhan

10
claims
20
verbatim quotes
0
citations
1
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

The field study took place at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.), India, during the Rabi season of 2022. To research how Zinc Sulphate and Bio-fertilizers affect the production and growth of Maize. PSB, Azotobacter, PSB + Azotobacter, and Zinc Sulphate 20, 25, and 30 kg/ha make up the treatments. The soil on the experimental plot had a sandy loamy texture, had a pH of 7.8, and had little organic carbon (0.35%). The results showed that the greater plant height (159.03 cm), plant dry weight (162.70 g/plant), crop growth rate (26.250 g/m2/day), number of cobs per plant (1.8), number of rows per cob (16.8), number of seeds per cob (553.4), higher 100 seed weight (29.3 gm), higher Grain yield (6.5 t/ha) higher straw yield (12.9 t/ha), and Harvest index (33.8) were significantly influenced with the application of PSB + Azotobacter + zinc Sulphate 30 kg/ha.

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Claims 10

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The combined treatment significantly influenced plant height to 159.03 cm.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
PSB + Azotobacter + zinc Sulphate 30 kg/hae0
Interactor
AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
Second interactor
PSBe0symbiont
Outcome
plant heighte0
Direction
greatere0
Value
159.03 cme0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Azotobacter
Azotobacter · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)DAN H. JONES · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The results showed that the greater plant height (159.03 cm), plant dry weight (162.70 g/plant), crop growth rate (26.250 g/m2/day), number of cobs per plant (1.8), number of rows per cob (16.8), number of seeds per cob (553.4), higher 100 seed weight (29.3 gm), higher Grain yield (6.5 t/ha) higher straw yield (12.9 t/ha), and Harvest index (33.8) were significantly influenced with the application of PSB + Azotobacter + zinc Sulphate 30 kg/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 544–990 · show in text ↑
t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–75 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The combined treatment significantly influenced plant dry weight to 162.70 g/plant.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
PSB + Azotobacter + zinc Sulphate 30 kg/hae0
Interactor
AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
Second interactor
PSBe0symbiont
Outcome
plant dry weighte0
Direction
greatere0
Value
162.70 g/plante0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Azotobacter
Azotobacter · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)DAN H. JONES · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The results showed that the greater plant height (159.03 cm), plant dry weight (162.70 g/plant), crop growth rate (26.250 g/m2/day), number of cobs per plant (1.8), number of rows per cob (16.8), number of seeds per cob (553.4), higher 100 seed weight (29.3 gm), higher Grain yield (6.5 t/ha) higher straw yield (12.9 t/ha), and Harvest index (33.8) were significantly influenced with the application of PSB + Azotobacter + zinc Sulphate 30 kg/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 544–990 · show in text ↑
t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–75 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The combined treatment significantly influenced crop growth rate to 26.250 g/m2/day.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
PSB + Azotobacter + zinc Sulphate 30 kg/hae0
Interactor
AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
Second interactor
PSBe0symbiont
Outcome
crop growth ratee0
Direction
greatere0
Value
26.250 g/m2/daye0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Azotobacter
Azotobacter · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)DAN H. JONES · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The results showed that the greater plant height (159.03 cm), plant dry weight (162.70 g/plant), crop growth rate (26.250 g/m2/day), number of cobs per plant (1.8), number of rows per cob (16.8), number of seeds per cob (553.4), higher 100 seed weight (29.3 gm), higher Grain yield (6.5 t/ha) higher straw yield (12.9 t/ha), and Harvest index (33.8) were significantly influenced with the application of PSB + Azotobacter + zinc Sulphate 30 kg/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 544–990 · show in text ↑
t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–75 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The combined treatment significantly influenced number of cobs per plant to 1.8.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
PSB + Azotobacter + zinc Sulphate 30 kg/hae0
Interactor
AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
Second interactor
PSBe0symbiont
Outcome
number of cobs per plante0
Direction
greatere0
Value
1.8e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Azotobacter
Azotobacter · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)DAN H. JONES · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The results showed that the greater plant height (159.03 cm), plant dry weight (162.70 g/plant), crop growth rate (26.250 g/m2/day), number of cobs per plant (1.8), number of rows per cob (16.8), number of seeds per cob (553.4), higher 100 seed weight (29.3 gm), higher Grain yield (6.5 t/ha) higher straw yield (12.9 t/ha), and Harvest index (33.8) were significantly influenced with the application of PSB + Azotobacter + zinc Sulphate 30 kg/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 544–990 · show in text ↑
t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–75 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The combined treatment significantly influenced number of rows per cob to 16.8.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
PSB + Azotobacter + zinc Sulphate 30 kg/hae0
Interactor
AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
Second interactor
PSBe0symbiont
Outcome
number of rows per cobe0
Direction
greatere0
Value
16.8e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Azotobacter
Azotobacter · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)DAN H. JONES · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The results showed that the greater plant height (159.03 cm), plant dry weight (162.70 g/plant), crop growth rate (26.250 g/m2/day), number of cobs per plant (1.8), number of rows per cob (16.8), number of seeds per cob (553.4), higher 100 seed weight (29.3 gm), higher Grain yield (6.5 t/ha) higher straw yield (12.9 t/ha), and Harvest index (33.8) were significantly influenced with the application of PSB + Azotobacter + zinc Sulphate 30 kg/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 544–990 · show in text ↑
t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–75 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The combined treatment significantly influenced number of seeds per cob to 553.4.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
PSB + Azotobacter + zinc Sulphate 30 kg/hae0
Interactor
AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
Second interactor
PSBe0symbiont
Outcome
number of seeds per cobe0
Direction
greatere0
Value
553.4e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Azotobacter
Azotobacter · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)DAN H. JONES · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The results showed that the greater plant height (159.03 cm), plant dry weight (162.70 g/plant), crop growth rate (26.250 g/m2/day), number of cobs per plant (1.8), number of rows per cob (16.8), number of seeds per cob (553.4), higher 100 seed weight (29.3 gm), higher Grain yield (6.5 t/ha) higher straw yield (12.9 t/ha), and Harvest index (33.8) were significantly influenced with the application of PSB + Azotobacter + zinc Sulphate 30 kg/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 544–990 · show in text ↑
t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–75 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The combined treatment significantly influenced 100 seed weight to 29.3 gm.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
PSB + Azotobacter + zinc Sulphate 30 kg/hae0
Interactor
AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
Second interactor
PSBe0symbiont
Outcome
100 seed weighte0
Direction
highere0
Value
29.3 gme0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Azotobacter
Azotobacter · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)DAN H. JONES · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The results showed that the greater plant height (159.03 cm), plant dry weight (162.70 g/plant), crop growth rate (26.250 g/m2/day), number of cobs per plant (1.8), number of rows per cob (16.8), number of seeds per cob (553.4), higher 100 seed weight (29.3 gm), higher Grain yield (6.5 t/ha) higher straw yield (12.9 t/ha), and Harvest index (33.8) were significantly influenced with the application of PSB + Azotobacter + zinc Sulphate 30 kg/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 544–990 · show in text ↑
t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–75 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The combined treatment significantly influenced Grain yield to 6.5 t/ha.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
PSB + Azotobacter + zinc Sulphate 30 kg/hae0
Interactor
AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
Second interactor
PSBe0symbiont
Outcome
Grain yielde0
Direction
highere0
Value
6.5 t/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Azotobacter
Azotobacter · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)DAN H. JONES · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The results showed that the greater plant height (159.03 cm), plant dry weight (162.70 g/plant), crop growth rate (26.250 g/m2/day), number of cobs per plant (1.8), number of rows per cob (16.8), number of seeds per cob (553.4), higher 100 seed weight (29.3 gm), higher Grain yield (6.5 t/ha) higher straw yield (12.9 t/ha), and Harvest index (33.8) were significantly influenced with the application of PSB + Azotobacter + zinc Sulphate 30 kg/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 544–990 · show in text ↑
t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–75 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The combined treatment significantly influenced straw yield to 12.9 t/ha.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
PSB + Azotobacter + zinc Sulphate 30 kg/hae0
Interactor
AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
Second interactor
PSBe0symbiont
Outcome
straw yielde0
Direction
highere0
Value
12.9 t/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Azotobacter
Azotobacter · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)DAN H. JONES · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The results showed that the greater plant height (159.03 cm), plant dry weight (162.70 g/plant), crop growth rate (26.250 g/m2/day), number of cobs per plant (1.8), number of rows per cob (16.8), number of seeds per cob (553.4), higher 100 seed weight (29.3 gm), higher Grain yield (6.5 t/ha) higher straw yield (12.9 t/ha), and Harvest index (33.8) were significantly influenced with the application of PSB + Azotobacter + zinc Sulphate 30 kg/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 544–990 · show in text ↑
t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–75 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The combined treatment significantly influenced Harvest index to 33.8.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
PSB + Azotobacter + zinc Sulphate 30 kg/hae0
Interactor
AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
Second interactor
PSBe0symbiont
Outcome
Harvest indexe0
Value
33.8e0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Azotobacter
Azotobacter · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)DAN H. JONES · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The results showed that the greater plant height (159.03 cm), plant dry weight (162.70 g/plant), crop growth rate (26.250 g/m2/day), number of cobs per plant (1.8), number of rows per cob (16.8), number of seeds per cob (553.4), higher 100 seed weight (29.3 gm), higher Grain yield (6.5 t/ha) higher straw yield (12.9 t/ha), and Harvest index (33.8) were significantly influenced with the application of PSB + Azotobacter + zinc Sulphate 30 kg/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 544–990 · show in text ↑
t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–75 · show in text ↑

zinc sulfate · growth · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

56 papers: 52 positive, 4 negative or no effect

51 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

52 papers more in this group

See all 56 papers →

Azotobacter · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

61 papers: 57 positive, 4 negative or no effect

56 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. negative
  3. no effect

57 papers more in this group

See all 61 papers →

zinc sulfate · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

128 papers: 124 positive, 4 negative or no effect

123 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

124 papers more in this group

See all 128 papers →

Azotobacter · growth · Zea mays (maize)Results agree

38 papers: 38 positive, 0 negative or no effect

37 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

34 papers more in this group

See all 38 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.