Abstract
Soil salinity is a big environmental issue affecting crop production. Although seed nanopriming has been widely used to improve seed germination and seedling growth under salinity, our knowledge about the underlying mechanisms is still insufficient. Herein, we newly synthesized selenium-doped carbon dots nanoparticles coated with poly acrylic acid (poly acrylic acid coated selenium doped carbon dots, PAA@Se-CDs) and used it to prime seeds of rapeseeds. The TEM (transmission electron microscope) size and zeta potential of PAA@Se-CDs are 3.8 ± 0.2 nm and −30 mV, respectively. After 8 h priming, the PAA@Se-CDs nanoparticles were detected in the seed compartments (seed coat, cotyledon, and radicle), while no such signals were detected in the NNP (no nanoparticle control) group (SeO2 was used as the NNP). Nanopriming with PAA@Se-CDs nanoparticles increased rapeseeds germination (20 %) and seedling fresh weight (161 %) under saline conditions compared to NNP control. PAA@Se-CDs nanopriming significantly enhanced endo-β-mannanase activities (255 % increase, 21.55 µmol h−1 g−1 vs. 6.06 µmol h−1 g−1, at DAS1 (DAS, days after sowing)), total soluble sugar (33.63 mg g−1 FW (fresh weight) vs. 20.23 mg g−1 FW) and protein contents (1.96 µg g−1 FW vs. 1.0 µg g−1 FW) to support the growth of germinating seedlings of rapeseeds under salt stress, in comparison with NNP control. The respiration rate and ATP content were increased by 76 % and 607 %, respectively. The oxidative damage of salinity due to the over-accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was alleviated by PAA@Se-CDs nanopriming by increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD (superoxide dismutase), POD (peroxidase), and CAT (catalase)). Another mechanism behind PAA@Se-CDs nanopriming improving rapeseeds salt tolerance at seedling stage was reducing sodium (Na+) accumulation and improving potassium (K+) retention, hence increasing the K+/Na+ ratio under saline conditions. Overall, our results not only showed that seed nanopriming with PAA@Se-CDs could be a good approach to improve salt tolerance, but also add more knowledge to the mechanism behind nanopriming-improved plant salt tolerance at germination and early seedling growth stage.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
PAA@Se-CDs nanopriming increased rapeseed germination by 20% under saline conditions compared with NNP control.
- Taxon
- rapeseeds
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napuse1 - Treatment
- Nanopriming with PAA@Se-CDs nanoparticlese1
- Outcome
- germinatione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 20 %e1
- Qualifier
- under saline conditionse1
- Comparator
- NNP controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Nanopriming with PAA@Se-CDs nanoparticles increased rapeseeds germination (20 %) and seedling fresh weight (161 %) under saline conditions compared to NNP control”
Claim · model-written summary
PAA@Se-CDs nanopriming increased rapeseed seedling fresh weight by 161% under saline conditions compared with NNP control.
- Taxon
- rapeseedsBrassica napuse1
- Treatment
- Nanopriming with PAA@Se-CDs nanoparticlese1
- Outcome
- seedling fresh weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 161 %e1
- Qualifier
- under saline conditionse1
- Comparator
- NNP controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Nanopriming with PAA@Se-CDs nanoparticles increased rapeseeds germination (20 %) and seedling fresh weight (161 %) under saline conditions compared to NNP control”
Claim · model-written summary
PAA@Se-CDs nanopriming significantly enhanced endo-β-mannanase activity by 255% at DAS1 compared with NNP control in germinating rapeseed seedlings.
- Taxon
- rapeseedsBrassica napuse1
- Organ / stage
- germinating seedlingse1
- Treatment
- PAA@Se-CDs nanopriminge1
- Gene
- endo-β-mannanasee1
- Outcome
- endo-β-mannanase activitiese1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Value
- 255 %e1
- Qualifier
- at DAS1e1
- Comparator
- NNP controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“PAA@Se-CDs nanopriming significantly enhanced endo-β-mannanase activities (255 % increase, 21.55 µmol h−1 g−1 vs. 6.06 µmol h−1 g−1, at DAS1 (DAS, days after sowing)), total soluble sugar (33.63 mg g−1 FW (fresh weight) vs. 20.23 mg g−1 FW) and protein contents (1.96 µg g−1 FW vs. 1.0 µg g−1 FW) to support the growth of germinating seedlings of rapeseeds under salt stress, in comparison with NNP control”
Claim · model-written summary
PAA@Se-CDs nanopriming significantly enhanced total soluble sugar in germinating rapeseed seedlings to 33.63 mg/g FW compared with NNP control (20.23 mg/g FW).
- Taxon
- rapeseedsBrassica napuse1
- Organ / stage
- germinating seedlingse1
- Treatment
- PAA@Se-CDs nanopriminge1
- Outcome
- total soluble sugare1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Value
- 33.63 mg g−1 FWe1
- Qualifier
- vs. 20.23 mg g−1 FWe1
- Comparator
- NNP controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“PAA@Se-CDs nanopriming significantly enhanced endo-β-mannanase activities (255 % increase, 21.55 µmol h−1 g−1 vs. 6.06 µmol h−1 g−1, at DAS1 (DAS, days after sowing)), total soluble sugar (33.63 mg g−1 FW (fresh weight) vs. 20.23 mg g−1 FW) and protein contents (1.96 µg g−1 FW vs. 1.0 µg g−1 FW) to support the growth of germinating seedlings of rapeseeds under salt stress, in comparison with NNP control”
Claim · model-written summary
PAA@Se-CDs nanopriming significantly enhanced protein content in germinating rapeseed seedlings to 1.96 µg/g FW compared with NNP control (1.0 µg/g FW).
- Taxon
- rapeseedsBrassica napuse1
- Organ / stage
- germinating seedlingse1
- Treatment
- PAA@Se-CDs nanopriminge1
- Outcome
- protein contentse1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Value
- 1.96 µg g−1 FWe1
- Qualifier
- vs. 1.0 µg g−1 FWe1
- Comparator
- NNP controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“PAA@Se-CDs nanopriming significantly enhanced endo-β-mannanase activities (255 % increase, 21.55 µmol h−1 g−1 vs. 6.06 µmol h−1 g−1, at DAS1 (DAS, days after sowing)), total soluble sugar (33.63 mg g−1 FW (fresh weight) vs. 20.23 mg g−1 FW) and protein contents (1.96 µg g−1 FW vs. 1.0 µg g−1 FW) to support the growth of germinating seedlings of rapeseeds under salt stress, in comparison with NNP control”
Claim · model-written summary
PAA@Se-CDs nanopriming increased the respiration rate of rapeseed seedlings by 76% compared with NNP control.
- Taxon
- rapeseedsBrassica napuse2
- Treatment
- PAA@Se-CDs nanopriminge2
- Outcome
- respiration ratee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 76 %e1
- Comparator
- NNP controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The respiration rate and ATP content were increased by 76 % and 607 %, respectively”
e2“PAA@Se-CDs nanopriming significantly enhanced endo-β-mannanase activities (255 % increase, 21.55 µmol h−1 g−1 vs. 6.06 µmol h−1 g−1, at DAS1 (DAS, days after sowing)), total soluble sugar (33.63 mg g−1 FW (fresh weight) vs. 20.23 mg g−1 FW) and protein contents (1.96 µg g−1 FW vs. 1.0 µg g−1 FW) to support the growth of germinating seedlings of rapeseeds under salt stress, in comparison with NNP control”
Claim · model-written summary
PAA@Se-CDs nanopriming increased ATP content of rapeseed seedlings by 607% compared with NNP control.
- Taxon
- rapeseedsBrassica napuse2
- Treatment
- PAA@Se-CDs nanopriminge2
- Outcome
- ATP contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 607 %e1
- Comparator
- NNP controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The respiration rate and ATP content were increased by 76 % and 607 %, respectively”
e2“PAA@Se-CDs nanopriming significantly enhanced endo-β-mannanase activities (255 % increase, 21.55 µmol h−1 g−1 vs. 6.06 µmol h−1 g−1, at DAS1 (DAS, days after sowing)), total soluble sugar (33.63 mg g−1 FW (fresh weight) vs. 20.23 mg g−1 FW) and protein contents (1.96 µg g−1 FW vs. 1.0 µg g−1 FW) to support the growth of germinating seedlings of rapeseeds under salt stress, in comparison with NNP control”
Claim · model-written summary
PAA@Se-CDs nanopriming alleviated the oxidative damage caused by salinity-induced reactive oxygen species in rapeseed.
- Taxon
- rapeseedsBrassica napuse2
- Treatment
- PAA@Se-CDs nanopriminge1
- Outcome
- oxidative damagee1
- Direction
- alleviatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The oxidative damage of salinity due to the over-accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was alleviated by PAA@Se-CDs nanopriming by increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD (superoxide dismutase), POD (peroxidase), and CAT (catalase))”
e2“PAA@Se-CDs nanopriming significantly enhanced endo-β-mannanase activities (255 % increase, 21.55 µmol h−1 g−1 vs. 6.06 µmol h−1 g−1, at DAS1 (DAS, days after sowing)), total soluble sugar (33.63 mg g−1 FW (fresh weight) vs. 20.23 mg g−1 FW) and protein contents (1.96 µg g−1 FW vs. 1.0 µg g−1 FW) to support the growth of germinating seedlings of rapeseeds under salt stress, in comparison with NNP control”
Claim · model-written summary
PAA@Se-CDs nanopriming increased antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, CAT) in rapeseed under salt stress.
- Taxon
- rapeseedsBrassica napuse2
- Treatment
- PAA@Se-CDs nanopriminge1
- Gene
- SODe1
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitiese1
- Direction
- increasinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The oxidative damage of salinity due to the over-accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was alleviated by PAA@Se-CDs nanopriming by increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD (superoxide dismutase), POD (peroxidase), and CAT (catalase))”
e2“PAA@Se-CDs nanopriming significantly enhanced endo-β-mannanase activities (255 % increase, 21.55 µmol h−1 g−1 vs. 6.06 µmol h−1 g−1, at DAS1 (DAS, days after sowing)), total soluble sugar (33.63 mg g−1 FW (fresh weight) vs. 20.23 mg g−1 FW) and protein contents (1.96 µg g−1 FW vs. 1.0 µg g−1 FW) to support the growth of germinating seedlings of rapeseeds under salt stress, in comparison with NNP control”
Claim · model-written summary
PAA@Se-CDs nanopriming reduced sodium (Na+) accumulation in rapeseed seedlings under saline conditions.
- Taxon
- rapeseedsBrassica napuse1
- Organ / stage
- seedling stagee1
- Treatment
- PAA@Se-CDs nanopriminge1
- Outcome
- sodium (Na+) accumulatione1
- Direction
- reducinge1
- Qualifier
- under saline conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Another mechanism behind PAA@Se-CDs nanopriming improving rapeseeds salt tolerance at seedling stage was reducing sodium (Na+) accumulation and improving potassium (K+) retention, hence increasing the K+/Na+ ratio under saline conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
PAA@Se-CDs nanopriming improved potassium (K+) retention in rapeseed seedlings under saline conditions.
- Taxon
- rapeseedsBrassica napuse1
- Organ / stage
- seedling stagee1
- Treatment
- PAA@Se-CDs nanopriminge1
- Outcome
- potassium (K+) retentione1
- Direction
- improvinge1
- Qualifier
- under saline conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Another mechanism behind PAA@Se-CDs nanopriming improving rapeseeds salt tolerance at seedling stage was reducing sodium (Na+) accumulation and improving potassium (K+) retention, hence increasing the K+/Na+ ratio under saline conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
PAA@Se-CDs nanopriming increased the K+/Na+ ratio in rapeseed seedlings under saline conditions.
- Taxon
- rapeseedsBrassica napuse1
- Organ / stage
- seedling stagee1
- Treatment
- PAA@Se-CDs nanopriminge1
- Outcome
- K+/Na+ ratioe1
- Direction
- increasinge1
- Qualifier
- under saline conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Another mechanism behind PAA@Se-CDs nanopriming improving rapeseeds salt tolerance at seedling stage was reducing sodium (Na+) accumulation and improving potassium (K+) retention, hence increasing the K+/Na+ ratio under saline conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
After 8 h of priming, PAA@Se-CDs nanoparticles were detected in rapeseed seed coat, cotyledon and radicle.
- Taxon
- rapeseedsBrassica napuse2
- Organ / stage
- seed coat, cotyledon, and radiclee1
- Outcome
- PAA@Se-CDs nanoparticlese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“After 8 h priming, the PAA@Se-CDs nanoparticles were detected in the seed compartments (seed coat, cotyledon, and radicle)”
e2“and used it to prime seeds of rapeseeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The TEM size of PAA@Se-CDs nanoparticles is 3.8 ± 0.2 nm.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“The TEM (transmission electron microscope) size and zeta potential of PAA@Se-CDs are 3.8 ± 0.2 nm and −30 mV, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The zeta potential of PAA@Se-CDs nanoparticles is −30 mV.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“The TEM (transmission electron microscope) size and zeta potential of PAA@Se-CDs are 3.8 ± 0.2 nm and −30 mV, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed nanopriming with PAA@Se-CDs could be a good approach to improve salt tolerance of rapeseed.
- Taxon
- rapeseedsBrassica napuse2
- Treatment
- seed nanopriming with PAA@Se-CDse1
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“seed nanopriming with PAA@Se-CDs could be a good approach to improve salt tolerance”
e2“and used it to prime seeds of rapeseeds”
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See all 10 papers →8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.