Abstract
The present study focused on the management of charcoal rot of maize caused by Macrophomia phaseolina, by using biochar made from rice straw, along with compost and Trichoderma viride (Biocontrol agent). Therefore, synergistic effect of 3 and 6 % concentrations of rice straw biochar with T. viride and 10 % of compost was used as a soil amendment to check the effect on growth of maize and charcoal rot disease suppression under glasshouse conditions. The percentage severity of charcoal rot was significantly reduced due to the effect of soil amendment with 3 % rice straw biochar inoculated with or without T. viride. In vitro assays also revealed synergistic association of rice straw biochar with T. viride and resulted into maximum inhibition (69.67 %) of M. phaseolina. The maximum nitrogen contents (20.26 g/kg) were recorded in rice straw biochar (3 %) combined with biocontrol agent amended treatment. However, other than disease parameters, 6 % rice straw biochar irrespective to the presence or absence of T. viride had a significant impact on growth of maize plants. The maize response were found to be dependent on the concentration of biochar (3 and 6 %) and depicted varied effects of resistance in each treatments. Thus, our findings suggest that the combined application of biochar and T. viride holds significant potential for mitigating the detrimental effects of charcoal rot and enhancing the overall health and performance of maize plants.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Soil amendment with 3 % rice straw biochar with or without T. viride significantly reduced charcoal rot severity in maize.
- Treatment
- soil amendment with 3 % rice straw biochar inoculated with or without T. viridee2
- Interactor
- Macrophomia phaseolinae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. viride
Trichoderma viridee2biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- percentage severity of charcoal rote2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Setting
- glasshouse conditionse3
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“charcoal rot of maize caused by Macrophomia phaseolina”
e2“The percentage severity of charcoal rot was significantly reduced due to the effect of soil amendment with 3 % rice straw biochar inoculated with or without T. viride”
e3“charcoal rot disease suppression under glasshouse conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro, the synergistic association of rice straw biochar with T. viride gave maximum inhibition (69.67 %) of M. phaseolina.
- Treatment
- synergistic association of rice straw biochar with T. viridee4
- Interactor
- M. phaseolinae4pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. virideTrichoderma viridee4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- maximum inhibitione4
- Direction
- maximume4
- Value
- 69.67 %e4
- Setting
- In vitroe4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“charcoal rot of maize caused by Macrophomia phaseolina”
e4“In vitro assays also revealed synergistic association of rice straw biochar with T. viride and resulted into maximum inhibition (69.67 %) of M. phaseolina”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw biochar (3 %) combined with the biocontrol agent gave the maximum nitrogen contents (20.26 g/kg).
- Treatment
- rice straw biochar (3 %) combined with biocontrol agent amended treatmente5
- Outcome
- nitrogen contentse5
- Direction
- maximume5
- Value
- 20.26 g/kge5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CHARCOAL ROT IN MAIZE”
e5“The maximum nitrogen contents (20.26 g/kg) were recorded in rice straw biochar (3 %) combined with biocontrol agent amended treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw biochar at 6 % had a significant impact on the growth of maize plants irrespective of T. viride.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“other than disease parameters, 6 % rice straw biochar irrespective to the presence or absence of T. viride had a significant impact on growth of maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The maize response depended on biochar concentration (3 and 6 %) and showed varied effects on resistance.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The maize response were found to be dependent on the concentration of biochar (3 and 6 %) and depicted varied effects of resistance in each treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined application of biochar and T. viride has significant potential for mitigating charcoal rot in maize (author conclusion).
- Treatment
- combined application of biochar and T. viridee7
- Outcome
- mitigating the detrimental effects of charcoal rote7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CHARCOAL ROT IN MAIZE”
e7“the combined application of biochar and T. viride holds significant potential for mitigating the detrimental effects of charcoal rot”
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