Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the Department of Agricultural Entomology at Central Research Farm (CRF), Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during the Kharif season of 2023 in a Randomized Block Design with three replications and eight treatments against, Vigna unguiculata i.e., of (T1) Spinosad 45SC, (T2) Novaluron 10EC, (T3) Emamectin benzoate 10EC, (T4) HaNPV, (T5) Neem oil 5%, (T6) Spinosad 45% + Neem oil 5%, (T7) Nisco Sixer plus, (T0) Control. Each insecticide was sprayed twice at 15 days interval. The larval population per plant was taken day before and 3, 7, and 14 days after each spray. All the insecticides tested significantly reduced the pest infestation compared to control. The lowest percentage infestation of larval population of Helicoverpa armigera was observed in T6 Spinosad 45% + Neem oil 5% (1.55 %), (1.08 %) at both sprayers followed by T3 Emamectin benzoate 10EC (1.66 %), (1.19 %), T1 Spinosad 45SC (1.71 %), (1.24 %), (T2) Novaluron 10EC (1.79 %), (1.35), (T4) HaNPV (1.86 %), (1.44 %), (T5) Neem oil 5% (1.93 %), (1.55 %), (T7) Nisco Sixer plus (2.02 %), (1.62 %), T0 Control (30.87), (25.44). The crop yield and cost benefit ratio ranged between (10.36 q/ha and 19.49 q/ha), the highest being in Spinosad 45% + Neem oil 5% (19.49 q/ha), (1:3.8) followed by Emamectin benzoate 10EC (17.68 q/ha), (1:3.5), Spinosad 45SC (16.01 q/ha), (1:2.9), Novaluron 10EC (14.74 q/ha), (1:2.8), HaNPV (13.23 q/ha), (1:2.7), Neem oil 5% (12.8 q/ha), (1:2.6) and Nisco Sixer plus (11.12 q/ha), (1:2.4) and Control plot (10.36 q/ha), (1:2.3).
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
All tested insecticides significantly reduced pest infestation relative to control.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- insecticidese0
- Outcome
- pest infestatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the insecticides tested significantly reduced the pest infestation compared to control.”
t0“Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad 45% plus Neem oil 5% had the lowest Helicoverpa larval infestation, 1.55% and 1.08% after the two sprays.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Spinosad 45% + Neem oil 5%e0
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa armigera
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=60)
Helicoverpa armigerae0pest - Outcome
- percentage infestation of larval population of Helicoverpa armigerae0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 1.55 %e0
- Qualifier
- 1.08 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The lowest percentage infestation of larval population of Helicoverpa armigera was observed in T6 Spinosad 45% + Neem oil 5% (1.55 %), (1.08 %) at both sprayers”
t0“Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate 10EC had 1.66% and 1.19% larval infestation after the two sprays.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Emamectin benzoate 10ECe0
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae1pest
- Outcome
- percentage infestation of larval population of Helicoverpa armigerae1
- Value
- 1.66 %e0
- Qualifier
- 1.19 %e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T3 Emamectin benzoate 10EC (1.66 %), (1.19 %)”
e1“percentage infestation of larval population of Helicoverpa armigera”
t0“Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad 45SC had 1.71% and 1.24% larval infestation after the two sprays.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Spinosad 45SCe0
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae1pest
- Outcome
- percentage infestation of larval population of Helicoverpa armigerae1
- Value
- 1.71 %e0
- Qualifier
- 1.24 %e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T1 Spinosad 45SC (1.71 %), (1.24 %)”
e1“percentage infestation of larval population of Helicoverpa armigera”
t0“Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata”
Claim · model-written summary
Novaluron 10EC had 1.79% and 1.35 larval infestation after the two sprays.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Novaluron 10ECe0
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae1pest
- Outcome
- percentage infestation of larval population of Helicoverpa armigerae1
- Value
- 1.79 %e0
- Qualifier
- 1.35e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“(T2) Novaluron 10EC (1.79 %), (1.35)”
e1“percentage infestation of larval population of Helicoverpa armigera”
t0“Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata”
Claim · model-written summary
HaNPV had 1.86% and 1.44% larval infestation after the two sprays.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- HaNPVe0
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae1pest
- Outcome
- percentage infestation of larval population of Helicoverpa armigerae1
- Value
- 1.86 %e0
- Qualifier
- 1.44 %e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“(T4) HaNPV (1.86 %), (1.44 %)”
e1“percentage infestation of larval population of Helicoverpa armigera”
t0“Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem oil 5% had 1.93% and 1.55% larval infestation after the two sprays.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Neem oil 5%e0
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae1pest
- Outcome
- percentage infestation of larval population of Helicoverpa armigerae1
- Value
- 1.93 %e0
- Qualifier
- 1.55 %e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“(T5) Neem oil 5% (1.93 %), (1.55 %)”
e1“percentage infestation of larval population of Helicoverpa armigera”
t0“Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata”
Claim · model-written summary
Nisco Sixer plus had 2.02% and 1.62% larval infestation after the two sprays.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Nisco Sixer pluse0
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae1pest
- Outcome
- percentage infestation of larval population of Helicoverpa armigerae1
- Value
- 2.02 %e0
- Qualifier
- 1.62 %e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“(T7) Nisco Sixer plus (2.02 %), (1.62 %)”
e1“percentage infestation of larval population of Helicoverpa armigera”
t0“Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata”
Claim · model-written summary
Control plots had larval infestation values of 30.87 and 25.44.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae1pest
- Outcome
- percentage infestation of larval population of Helicoverpa armigerae1
- Value
- 30.87e0
- Qualifier
- 25.44e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T0 Control (30.87), (25.44)”
e1“percentage infestation of larval population of Helicoverpa armigera”
t0“Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination treatment had the highest yield, 19.49 q/ha, and a cost benefit ratio of 1:3.8.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Spinosad 45% + Neem oil 5%e0
- Outcome
- crop yielde1
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 19.49 q/hae0
- Qualifier
- 1:3.8e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest being in Spinosad 45% + Neem oil 5% (19.49 q/ha), (1:3.8)”
e1“The crop yield and cost benefit ratio ranged between (10.36 q/ha and 19.49 q/ha)”
t0“Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate yielded 17.68 q/ha with a 1:3.5 cost benefit ratio.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Emamectin benzoate 10ECe0
- Outcome
- crop yielde1
- Value
- 17.68 q/hae0
- Qualifier
- 1:3.5e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Emamectin benzoate 10EC (17.68 q/ha), (1:3.5)”
e1“The crop yield and cost benefit ratio”
t0“Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad 45SC yielded 16.01 q/ha with a 1:2.9 cost benefit ratio.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Spinosad 45SCe0
- Outcome
- crop yielde1
- Value
- 16.01 q/hae0
- Qualifier
- 1:2.9e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spinosad 45SC (16.01 q/ha), (1:2.9)”
e1“The crop yield and cost benefit ratio”
t0“Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata”
Claim · model-written summary
Novaluron yielded 14.74 q/ha with a 1:2.8 cost benefit ratio.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Novaluron 10ECe0
- Outcome
- crop yielde1
- Value
- 14.74 q/hae0
- Qualifier
- 1:2.8e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Novaluron 10EC (14.74 q/ha), (1:2.8)”
e1“The crop yield and cost benefit ratio”
t0“Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata”
Claim · model-written summary
HaNPV yielded 13.23 q/ha with a 1:2.7 cost benefit ratio.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- HaNPVe0
- Outcome
- crop yielde1
- Value
- 13.23 q/hae0
- Qualifier
- 1:2.7e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HaNPV (13.23 q/ha), (1:2.7)”
e1“The crop yield and cost benefit ratio”
t0“Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem oil yielded 12.8 q/ha with a 1:2.6 cost benefit ratio.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Neem oil 5%e0
- Outcome
- crop yielde1
- Value
- 12.8 q/hae0
- Qualifier
- 1:2.6e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neem oil 5% (12.8 q/ha), (1:2.6)”
e1“The crop yield and cost benefit ratio”
t0“Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata”
Claim · model-written summary
Nisco Sixer plus yielded 11.12 q/ha with a 1:2.4 cost benefit ratio.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Nisco Sixer pluse0
- Outcome
- crop yielde1
- Value
- 11.12 q/hae0
- Qualifier
- 1:2.4e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nisco Sixer plus (11.12 q/ha), (1:2.4)”
e1“The crop yield and cost benefit ratio”
t0“Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata”
Claim · model-written summary
Control plots yielded 10.36 q/ha with a 1:2.3 cost benefit ratio.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- crop yielde1
- Value
- 10.36 q/hae0
- Qualifier
- 1:2.3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Control plot (10.36 q/ha), (1:2.3)”
e1“The crop yield and cost benefit ratio”
t0“Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.