Abstract
Intelligent fertigation is a sustainable solution for optimising water and fertiliser input, thus minimising environmental pollution in vegetable cultivation facilities and reducing labour costs in agricultural practices. It is important to optimise irrigation scheduling parameters to specific crops to ensure water and nutrient use efficiency. A field experiment was conducted in Shouguang, Shandong Province, to investigate the effects of irrigation scheduling with different treatments (farmer drip irrigation FI, intelligent irrigation II1, and intelligent irrigation II2) on tomato growth, irrigation water and nutrient use efficiency over two growth seasons. Intelligent irrigation II1 and II2 utilised FDR sensors to control the moisture range within 80–95% and 80–85% field capacity (FC) for automatic irrigation scheduling, respectively. Intelligent irrigation (II1 and II2 treatments) reduced irrigation rate by 24.3–63.8% in comparison with FI treatment, significantly increasing total dry matter accumulation, nutrient uptake, yield and fruit quality of tomato. II2 treatment further reduced the irrigation rate by 31.6–32.3% compared to II1 treatment, with no significant difference in tomato yield and quality. Root dry matter, root-shoot ratio, 0–2 mm diameter root length and root surface area, 0–1.5 mm diameter root tips, and >3.5 mm diameter root volume were significantly increased under intelligent irrigation treatments. Positive correlations between irrigation water productivity; nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium use efficiency; and the indices of length, surface area, tips, and volume of roots were highly significant. Intelligent fertigation system (IFS) maintained soil moisture within a suitable range through high-frequency irrigation scheduling, promoted the growth of 0–2 mm diameter roots, which were responsible for absorbing, acquiring, and transporting water and nutrients in the soil, and reduced water loss and nutrient leakage. Taken together, the intelligent fertigation system presented herein is an effective fertigation strategy to improve irrigation water and nutrient use efficiency.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Intelligent irrigation reduced irrigation rate by 24.3–63.8% versus farmer irrigation.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Intelligent irrigation (II1 and II2 treatments)e0
- Outcome
- irrigation ratee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 24.3–63.8%e0
- Comparator
- FI treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato yield and quality”
e0“Intelligent irrigation (II1 and II2 treatments) reduced irrigation rate by 24.3–63.8% in comparison with FI treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Intelligent irrigation significantly increased total dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Intelligent irrigation (II1 and II2 treatments)e0
- Outcome
- total dry matter accumulation, nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Comparator
- FI treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato yield and quality”
e0“Intelligent irrigation (II1 and II2 treatments) reduced irrigation rate by 24.3–63.8% in comparison with FI treatment, significantly increasing total dry matter accumulation, nutrient uptake, yield and fruit quality of tomato.”
Claim · model-written summary
Intelligent irrigation significantly increased tomato yield and fruit quality.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Intelligent irrigation (II1 and II2 treatments)e0
- Outcome
- yield and fruit quality of tomatoe0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Comparator
- FI treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato yield and quality”
e0“Intelligent irrigation (II1 and II2 treatments) reduced irrigation rate by 24.3–63.8% in comparison with FI treatment, significantly increasing total dry matter accumulation, nutrient uptake, yield and fruit quality of tomato.”
Claim · model-written summary
II2 reduced irrigation rate by 31.6–32.3% relative to II1.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- II2 treatmente0
- Outcome
- irrigation ratee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 31.6–32.3%e0
- Comparator
- II1 treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato yield and quality”
e0“II2 treatment further reduced the irrigation rate by 31.6–32.3% compared to II1 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
II2 did not differ significantly from II1 in tomato yield and quality.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- II2 treatmente0
- Outcome
- tomato yield and qualitye0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- II1 treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato yield and quality”
e0“II2 treatment further reduced the irrigation rate by 31.6–32.3% compared to II1 treatment, with no significant difference in tomato yield and quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
Intelligent irrigation significantly increased root dry matter and root-shoot ratio.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- intelligent irrigation treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Root dry matter, root-shoot ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato yield and quality”
e0“Root dry matter, root-shoot ratio, 0–2 mm diameter root length and root surface area, 0–1.5 mm diameter root tips, and >3.5 mm diameter root volume were significantly increased under intelligent irrigation treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Intelligent irrigation significantly increased 0–2 mm diameter root length and root surface area.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- intelligent irrigation treatmentse0
- Outcome
- 0–2 mm diameter root length and root surface areae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato yield and quality”
e0“Root dry matter, root-shoot ratio, 0–2 mm diameter root length and root surface area, 0–1.5 mm diameter root tips, and >3.5 mm diameter root volume were significantly increased under intelligent irrigation treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Intelligent irrigation significantly increased 0–1.5 mm diameter root tips.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- intelligent irrigation treatmentse0
- Outcome
- 0–1.5 mm diameter root tipse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato yield and quality”
e0“0–1.5 mm diameter root tips, and >3.5 mm diameter root volume were significantly increased under intelligent irrigation treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Intelligent irrigation significantly increased >3.5 mm diameter root volume.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- intelligent irrigation treatmentse0
- Outcome
- >3.5 mm diameter root volumee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato yield and quality”
e0“>3.5 mm diameter root volume were significantly increased under intelligent irrigation treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Root length, surface area, tips, and volume had highly significant positive correlations with irrigation water productivity and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium use efficiency.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- irrigation water productivity; nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium use efficiencye0
- Direction
- Positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato yield and quality”
e0“Positive correlations between irrigation water productivity; nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium use efficiency; and the indices of length, surface area, tips, and volume of roots were highly significant.”
Claim · model-written summary
The system maintained soil moisture within a suitable range through frequent irrigation scheduling.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Intelligent fertigation system (IFS)e0
- Outcome
- soil moisture within a suitable rangee0
- Qualifier
- high-frequency irrigation schedulinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato yield and quality”
e0“Intelligent fertigation system (IFS) maintained soil moisture within a suitable range through high-frequency irrigation scheduling”
Claim · model-written summary
The system promoted growth of 0–2 mm diameter roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- 0–2 mm diameter rootse0
- Outcome
- growth of 0–2 mm diameter rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato yield and quality”
e0“promoted the growth of 0–2 mm diameter roots”
Claim · model-written summary
The system reduced water loss and nutrient leakage.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- water loss and nutrient leakagee0
- Qualifier
- reduced water loss and nutrient leakagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato yield and quality”
e0“reduced water loss and nutrient leakage.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors present intelligent fertigation as an effective strategy to improve irrigation water and nutrient use efficiency.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- improve irrigation water and nutrient use efficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato yield and quality”
e0“the intelligent fertigation system presented herein is an effective fertigation strategy to improve irrigation water and nutrient use efficiency.”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · quality: grain · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →irrigation · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
105 papers in the same direction as this paper · 67 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
171 papers more in this group
See all 175 papers →irrigation · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
238 papers in the same direction as this paper · 98 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
340 papers more in this group
See all 344 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.