Abstract
Reclaiming degraded soils, such as alkaline soils, is essential for sustainable agriculture and food security. So, a field experiment was conducted in the El-Serw region, Damietta, Egypt, to enhance the yield and quality of faba bean grown on alkaline soil using agricultural gypsum, organic fertilizers and cobalt. The experimental design included main plots treated with or without agricultural gypsum as gypsum requirements (GR; 4.2 Mg fed-1), sub-plots receiving different types of organic fertilizers (control, farmyard manure compost, and plant residue compost at 20 m³ fed-1), and sub-sub plots treated with varying rates of cobalt (0.0, 5 and 10 mg Co L-1). Biochemical analyses at 70 days from sowing including malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities were measured. Concurrently, leaf nutrient content (NPK), chlorophyll and carotene levels were measured. At the harvest stage, yield components such as the number of pods per plant, pod weight and seed yield, along with seed protein, carbohydrate and total dissolved solids (TDS) content were assessed. Soil parameters like electrical conductivity (EC), N, P and K content were also measured. Results indicated that applying gypsum, organic fertilizers and spraying cobalt individually reduced MDA, POD, SOD and CAT levels, while enhancing leaf nutrient content, photosynthetic pigments and yield components compared to control groups. Furthermore, gypsum decreased soil EC, whereas organic fertilizers increased available soil N, P, and K, with plant residue compost showing superior effectiveness. The combination of gypsum application with plant residue compost and 10 mg L-1 cobalt spray achieved the highest overall performance. Generally, integrating gypsum, organic fertilization, and cobalt can significantly improve the biochemical and agronomic traits of faba beans in alkaline soils. Future research should explore the long-term impacts and optimization of these treatments for various crops and soil types.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Applying gypsum reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) in faba bean compared with control groups.
- Taxon
- faba bean
Vicia fabat0 - Treatment
- applying gypsume0
- Outcome
- MDAe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control groupse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Faba Bean”
e0“applying gypsum, organic fertilizers and spraying cobalt individually reduced MDA, POD, SOD and CAT levels”
e1“compared to control groups”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying organic fertilizers reduced MDA in faba bean compared with control groups.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- MDAe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control groupse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Faba Bean”
e0“applying gypsum, organic fertilizers and spraying cobalt individually reduced MDA, POD, SOD and CAT levels”
e1“compared to control groups”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying cobalt reduced MDA in faba bean compared with control groups.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- spraying cobalte0
- Outcome
- MDAe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control groupse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Faba Bean”
e0“applying gypsum, organic fertilizers and spraying cobalt individually reduced MDA, POD, SOD and CAT levels”
e1“compared to control groups”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying gypsum reduced POD, SOD and CAT enzyme activities in faba bean compared with control groups.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- applying gypsume0
- Outcome
- POD, SOD and CAT levelse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control groupse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Faba Bean”
e0“applying gypsum, organic fertilizers and spraying cobalt individually reduced MDA, POD, SOD and CAT levels”
e1“compared to control groups”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying organic fertilizers reduced POD, SOD and CAT enzyme activities in faba bean compared with control groups.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- POD, SOD and CAT levelse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control groupse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Faba Bean”
e0“applying gypsum, organic fertilizers and spraying cobalt individually reduced MDA, POD, SOD and CAT levels”
e1“compared to control groups”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying cobalt reduced POD, SOD and CAT enzyme activities in faba bean compared with control groups.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- spraying cobalte0
- Outcome
- POD, SOD and CAT levelse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control groupse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Faba Bean”
e0“applying gypsum, organic fertilizers and spraying cobalt individually reduced MDA, POD, SOD and CAT levels”
e1“compared to control groups”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying gypsum enhanced leaf nutrient content, photosynthetic pigments and yield components of faba bean compared with control groups.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- applying gypsume0
- Outcome
- leaf nutrient content, photosynthetic pigments and yield componentse1
- Direction
- enhancinge1
- Comparator
- control groupse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Faba Bean”
e0“applying gypsum, organic fertilizers and spraying cobalt individually”
e1“while enhancing leaf nutrient content, photosynthetic pigments and yield components compared to control groups”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying organic fertilizers enhanced leaf nutrient content, photosynthetic pigments and yield components of faba bean compared with control groups.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- leaf nutrient content, photosynthetic pigments and yield componentse1
- Direction
- enhancinge1
- Comparator
- control groupse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Faba Bean”
e0“applying gypsum, organic fertilizers and spraying cobalt individually”
e1“while enhancing leaf nutrient content, photosynthetic pigments and yield components compared to control groups”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying cobalt enhanced leaf nutrient content, photosynthetic pigments and yield components of faba bean compared with control groups.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- spraying cobalte0
- Outcome
- leaf nutrient content, photosynthetic pigments and yield componentse1
- Direction
- enhancinge1
- Comparator
- control groupse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Faba Bean”
e0“applying gypsum, organic fertilizers and spraying cobalt individually”
e1“while enhancing leaf nutrient content, photosynthetic pigments and yield components compared to control groups”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum decreased soil electrical conductivity (EC) in the faba bean field.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- gypsume0
- Outcome
- soil ECe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Faba Bean”
e0“gypsum decreased soil EC”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizers increased available soil N, P and K.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- available soil N, P, and Ke0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Faba Bean”
e0“organic fertilizers increased available soil N, P, and K”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant residue compost showed superior effectiveness among the organic fertilizers in raising available soil N, P and K.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- plant residue composte0
- Outcome
- superior effectivenesse0
- Direction
- superior effectivenesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Faba Bean”
e0“with plant residue compost showing superior effectiveness”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of gypsum with plant residue compost and a 10 mg L-1 cobalt spray achieved the highest overall performance.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- gypsum application with plant residue compost and 10 mg L-1 cobalt spraye0
- Outcome
- highest overall performancee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Faba Bean”
e0“The combination of gypsum application with plant residue compost and 10 mg L-1 cobalt spray achieved the highest overall performance”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that integrating gypsum, organic fertilization and cobalt can significantly improve the biochemical and agronomic traits of faba beans in alkaline soils.
- Taxon
- faba beansVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- integrating gypsum, organic fertilization, and cobalte0
- Outcome
- biochemical and agronomic traitse0
- Setting
- alkaline soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“integrating gypsum, organic fertilization, and cobalt can significantly improve the biochemical and agronomic traits of faba beans in alkaline soils”
The same questions in other papers
cobalt atom · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
cobalt atom · physiology: photosynthesis · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
application · physiology: oxidative · Vicia faba (faba bean)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →fertilization · nutrient: content · Vicia faba (faba bean)Positive and negative results
53 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
57 papers more in this group
See all 61 papers →lime · physiology: oxidative · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
fertilization · physiology: oxidative · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
lime · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
fertilization · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.