Abstract
Plant supply with water and nutrients during their growing season is one of the key factors shaping the harvest. The influence rates of watering and the main fertilization on onion ‘Spirit’ F1 productivity (marketable yield and percentage of marketable yield from total) and productivity parameters (bulb weight and diameter) as well as storage properties were investigated. Investigations were carried out in the experimental fields of Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture in 2008–2009. The soil was calcaric epihypogleyic luvisol of sandy loam on light loam soil – Calc(ar)i-Epihypogleyic Luvisol (LVg-p-w-cc). Ploughing layer thickness was of 22–25 cm. There was small amount of humus in it, small and average amount of nitrogen, average amount of potassium, much phosphorus, calcium and magnesium. Investigations of production storage were carried out in storage houses of Biochemistry ant Technology Laboratory at the Institute in 2008–2010. Onions were stored warmly (temperature 18–20°C, humidity 60–70%). Bulbs storability was evaluated twice – in the beginning of January and at the end of May. There were evaluated the amounts of marketable and unmarketable (rotten, partly rotten, sprouted, i.e., unsuitable to use) bulbs and calculated natural loss, i.e. drying out. It was aimed to investigate the influence of watering and the rates of the main fertilization on onion productivity, productivity indices (bulb mass and diameter) and storability (marketable and not marketable production, natural storage losses). The highest yield of marketable onions (98.6 t ha-1) and percentage of marketable yield from total (84.6%) were obtained due to the application of average complex fertilizers before sowing and watered with medium (60 m3 ha-1) water rate. After watering 1 m3 of water there was received 111.7 kg ha-1 of marketable onion yield. The largest bulbs weight (80.5 g) was obtained applying high water rate and pre-sowing fertilized with straight fertilizers. The biggest diameter (49.0 mm) was obtained when onions were grown without watering and pre-sowing fertilized with high rate of complex fertilizers. The increase of bulb weight (without watering r = 0.90, applying medium watering rate r = 0.96, and high watering rate r = 0.97) and diameter (correspondingly r = 0.80; r = 0.96 and r = 0.98) significantly and directly increased onion marketable yield. Bulbs weight gain influenced the yield increases correspondingly 42%, 44% and 45%, increase in diameter – 38%, 44% and 45%. The largest marketable production of short-and long-term storage received applying average complex fertilizers and watered medium rate of water (60 m3 ha-1). Increased marketable yield ensured a higher amount of marketable production.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Average complex fertilizer and medium watering gave the highest marketable onion yield, 98.6 t ha-1.
- Taxon
- onions
Allium cepae1 - Treatment
- average complex fertilizers before sowing and watered with medium (60 m3 ha-1) water ratee1
- Outcome
- yield of marketable onionse1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 98.6 t ha-1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“marketable onions (98.6 t ha-1)”
e1“The highest yield of marketable onions (98.6 t ha-1) and percentage of marketable yield from total (84.6%) were obtained due to the application of average complex fertilizers before sowing and watered with medium (60 m3 ha-1) water rate”
Claim · model-written summary
That treatment gave the highest marketable share, 84.6%.
- Taxon
- onionsAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- average complex fertilizers before sowing and watered with medium (60 m3 ha-1) water ratee0
- Outcome
- percentage of marketable yield from totale0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 84.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest yield of marketable onions (98.6 t ha-1) and percentage of marketable yield from total (84.6%) were obtained due to the application of average complex fertilizers before sowing and watered with medium (60 m3 ha-1) water rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Each cubic metre of watering produced 111.7 kg ha-1 marketable onion yield.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- watering 1 m3 of watere0
- Outcome
- marketable onion yielde0
- Value
- 111.7 kg ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After watering 1 m3 of water there was received 111.7 kg ha-1 of marketable onion yield”
Claim · model-written summary
High watering with straight presowing fertilizer gave the largest bulb weight, 80.5 g.
- Taxon
- onionsAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- high water rate and pre-sowing fertilized with straight fertilizerse1
- Outcome
- bulbs weighte1
- Direction
- largeste1
- Value
- 80.5 ge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“marketable onions (98.6 t ha-1)”
e1“The largest bulbs weight (80.5 g) was obtained applying high water rate and pre-sowing fertilized with straight fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
No watering plus high complex fertilizer gave the biggest bulb diameter, 49.0 mm.
- Taxon
- onionsAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- without watering and pre-sowing fertilized with high rate of complex fertilizerse1
- Outcome
- diametere1
- Direction
- biggeste1
- Value
- 49.0 mme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“marketable onions (98.6 t ha-1)”
e1“The biggest diameter (49.0 mm) was obtained when onions were grown without watering and pre-sowing fertilized with high rate of complex fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulb weight was positively associated with marketable yield without watering, r = 0.90.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Organ / stage
- bulb weighte1
- Outcome
- onion marketable yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- r = 0.90e1
- Qualifier
- without wateringe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“onion marketable yield”
e1“bulb weight (without watering r = 0.90, applying medium watering rate r = 0.96, and high watering rate r = 0.97) and diameter (correspondingly r = 0.80; r = 0.96 and r = 0.98) significantly and directly increased onion marketable yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulb weight was positively associated with marketable yield under medium watering, r = 0.96.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- medium watering ratee1
- Outcome
- onion marketable yielde0
- Value
- r = 0.96e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“onion marketable yield”
e1“applying medium watering rate r = 0.96”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulb weight was positively associated with marketable yield under high watering, r = 0.97.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- high watering ratee1
- Outcome
- onion marketable yielde0
- Value
- r = 0.97e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“onion marketable yield”
e1“high watering rate r = 0.97”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulb diameter was positively associated with marketable yield without watering, r = 0.80.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Organ / stage
- diametere1
- Outcome
- onion marketable yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- r = 0.80e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“onion marketable yield”
e1“diameter (correspondingly r = 0.80; r = 0.96 and r = 0.98) significantly and directly increased onion marketable yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulb diameter was positively associated with marketable yield under medium watering, r = 0.96.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Organ / stage
- diametere1
- Outcome
- onion marketable yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- r = 0.96e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“onion marketable yield”
e1“diameter (correspondingly r = 0.80; r = 0.96 and r = 0.98) significantly and directly increased onion marketable yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulb diameter was positively associated with marketable yield under high watering, r = 0.98.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Organ / stage
- diametere1
- Outcome
- onion marketable yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- r = 0.98e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“onion marketable yield”
e1“diameter (correspondingly r = 0.80; r = 0.96 and r = 0.98) significantly and directly increased onion marketable yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulb weight gain influenced yield increases of 42%, 44% and 45% across watering rates.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Organ / stage
- Bulbs weighte1
- Outcome
- yield increasese1
- Direction
- increasese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“onion marketable yield”
e1“Bulbs weight gain influenced the yield increases correspondingly 42%, 44% and 45%”
Claim · model-written summary
Diameter increase influenced yield increases of 38%, 44% and 45% across watering rates.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Organ / stage
- diametere1
- Outcome
- onion marketable yielde0
- Direction
- increasee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“onion marketable yield”
e1“increase in diameter – 38%, 44% and 45%”
Claim · model-written summary
Average complex fertilizer and medium watering produced the greatest marketable onion output after short and long storage.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- average complex fertilizers and watered medium rate of water (60 m3 ha-1)e1
- Outcome
- marketable production of short-and long-term storagee1
- Direction
- largeste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“onion ‘Spirit’ F1 productivity”
e1“The largest marketable production of short-and long-term storage received applying average complex fertilizers and watered medium rate of water (60 m3 ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher marketable yield ensured more marketable product in storage.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Outcome
- marketable productione1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- Increased marketable yielde1
- Comparator
- marketable yielde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“onion ‘Spirit’ F1 productivity”
e1“Increased marketable yield ensured a higher amount of marketable production”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.