Abstract
Abstract The effects of blue-light irradiation on abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, sugar metabolism and translocation, and photoreceptors and gene expressions were investigated to clarify the mechanism by which blue-LED irradiation increases sugar concentrations in grape berries ( Vitis labruscana L.). Blue light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation increased the portion of 13 C-photosynthates in the grapevine clusters that were fed 13 CO 2 ; compared to the portion in the cluster in the untreated control. Fructose and glucose concentrations and the expressions of VvSWEET10 , VvSUC11 , and VvSUS4 in blue LED-irradiated berries were increased. The blue LED-irradiated berries’ sucrose concentrations were significantly lower than the untreated control at 14 days after treatment. We speculated that the blue LED-treated berries’ decreased sucrose was associated with the increased Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter ( VvSWEET10 ), sucrose transporter ( VvSUC11 ), and sucrose synthase ( VvSUS4 ) expressions and promoted the translocation of 13 C-photosynthates from the leaves that were fed 13 CO 2 . Blue-LED irradiation increased the expressions of SNF1-related protein kinases ( VvSnRK2.6 ) and ABA responding element binding transcription factor ( VvABF1 ), while decreasing the expression of protein phosphateses 2C9 ( VvPP2C9 ) genes, which are related to ABA signaling. Blue-LED irradiation increased the expressions of cryptochrome ( VvCRYa ) and phototropin ( VvPHOT2 ), which are photoreceptor genes. The application of the pyrabactin resistance-like (PYL)-PP2C ABA receptor interaction antagonist AS6 did not affect endogenous ABA concentrations in the grape berries, but it decreased sucrose concentrations at harvest. The application of ABA did not affect sucrose, glucose, or fructose concentrations or the expressions of VvSnRK2.6 and VvPP2C9 . The application of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA, an inhibitor of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase activity in ABA biosynthesis) did not affect sugar concentrations at harvest . These results suggest that upregulation of photoreceptor gene expressions and ABA signaling are associated with sugar concentrations in grape berries.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Blue LED increased photosynthate portion in grapevine clusters.
- Taxon
- Vitis labruscana L.H. Bailey
Vitis ×labruscanat0 - Treatment
- Blue light-emitting diode (LED) irradiatione0
- Outcome
- portion of 13 C-photosynthatese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Blue light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation increased the portion of 13 C-photosynthates in the grapevine clusters that were fed 13 CO 2 ; compared to the portion in the cluster in the untreated control.”
t0“Effects of blue-light irradiation on abscisic acid signaling and sugar translocation in Vitis labruscana L.H. Bailey grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue LED increased berry fructose and glucose.
- Taxon
- Vitis labruscana L.H. BaileyVitis ×labruscanat0
- Treatment
- blue LED-irradiatede0
- Outcome
- Fructose and glucose concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fructose and glucose concentrations and the expressions of VvSWEET10 , VvSUC11 , and VvSUS4 in blue LED-irradiated berries were increased.”
t0“Effects of blue-light irradiation on abscisic acid signaling and sugar translocation in Vitis labruscana L.H. Bailey grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue LED increased berry VvSWEET10, VvSUC11 and VvSUS4 expression.
- Taxon
- Vitis labruscana L.H. BaileyVitis ×labruscanat0
- Treatment
- blue LED-irradiatede0
- Gene
- VvSWEET10 , VvSUC11 , and VvSUS4e0
- Outcome
- expressions of VvSWEET10 , VvSUC11 , and VvSUS4e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fructose and glucose concentrations and the expressions of VvSWEET10 , VvSUC11 , and VvSUS4 in blue LED-irradiated berries were increased.”
t0“Effects of blue-light irradiation on abscisic acid signaling and sugar translocation in Vitis labruscana L.H. Bailey grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue LED lowered berry sucrose at 14 days.
- Taxon
- Vitis labruscana L.H. BaileyVitis ×labruscanat0
- Treatment
- blue LED-irradiatede0
- Outcome
- sucrose concentrationse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- 14 days after treatmente0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The blue LED-irradiated berries’ sucrose concentrations were significantly lower than the untreated control at 14 days after treatment.”
t0“Effects of blue-light irradiation on abscisic acid signaling and sugar translocation in Vitis labruscana L.H. Bailey grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors speculated that transporter and synthase expression relates to lower sucrose and photosynthate transport.
- Taxon
- Vitis labruscana L.H. BaileyVitis ×labruscanat0
- Gene
- VvSWEET10e0
- Outcome
- decreased sucrosee0
- Qualifier
- promoted the translocation of 13 C-photosynthatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We speculated that the blue LED-treated berries’ decreased sucrose was associated with the increased Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter ( VvSWEET10 ), sucrose transporter ( VvSUC11 ), and sucrose synthase ( VvSUS4 ) expressions and promoted the translocation of 13 C-photosynthates from the leaves that were fed 13 CO 2 .”
t0“Effects of blue-light irradiation on abscisic acid signaling and sugar translocation in Vitis labruscana L.H. Bailey grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue LED increased VvSnRK2.6 and VvABF1 expression.
- Taxon
- Vitis labruscana L.H. BaileyVitis ×labruscanat0
- Treatment
- Blue-LED irradiatione0
- Gene
- VvSnRK2.6e0
- Outcome
- expressions of SNF1-related protein kinases ( VvSnRK2.6 ) and ABA responding element binding transcription factor ( VvABF1 )e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Blue-LED irradiation increased the expressions of SNF1-related protein kinases ( VvSnRK2.6 ) and ABA responding element binding transcription factor ( VvABF1 ), while decreasing the expression of protein phosphateses 2C9 ( VvPP2C9 ) genes, which are related to ABA signaling.”
t0“Effects of blue-light irradiation on abscisic acid signaling and sugar translocation in Vitis labruscana L.H. Bailey grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue LED decreased VvPP2C9 expression.
- Taxon
- Vitis labruscana L.H. BaileyVitis ×labruscanat0
- Treatment
- Blue-LED irradiatione0
- Gene
- VvPP2C9e0
- Outcome
- expression of protein phosphateses 2C9 ( VvPP2C9 ) genese0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Blue-LED irradiation increased the expressions of SNF1-related protein kinases ( VvSnRK2.6 ) and ABA responding element binding transcription factor ( VvABF1 ), while decreasing the expression of protein phosphateses 2C9 ( VvPP2C9 ) genes, which are related to ABA signaling.”
t0“Effects of blue-light irradiation on abscisic acid signaling and sugar translocation in Vitis labruscana L.H. Bailey grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue LED increased photoreceptor gene expression.
- Taxon
- Vitis labruscana L.H. BaileyVitis ×labruscanat0
- Treatment
- Blue-LED irradiatione0
- Gene
- VvCRYae0
- Outcome
- expressions of cryptochrome ( VvCRYa ) and phototropin ( VvPHOT2 )e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Blue-LED irradiation increased the expressions of cryptochrome ( VvCRYa ) and phototropin ( VvPHOT2 ), which are photoreceptor genes.”
t0“Effects of blue-light irradiation on abscisic acid signaling and sugar translocation in Vitis labruscana L.H. Bailey grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
AS6 did not affect berry ABA concentrations.
- Taxon
- Vitis labruscana L.H. BaileyVitis ×labruscanat0
- Treatment
- AS6e0
- Outcome
- endogenous ABA concentrationse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of the pyrabactin resistance-like (PYL)-PP2C ABA receptor interaction antagonist AS6 did not affect endogenous ABA concentrations in the grape berries, but it decreased sucrose concentrations at harvest.”
t0“Effects of blue-light irradiation on abscisic acid signaling and sugar translocation in Vitis labruscana L.H. Bailey grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
AS6 decreased berry sucrose at harvest.
- Taxon
- Vitis labruscana L.H. BaileyVitis ×labruscanat0
- Treatment
- AS6e0
- Outcome
- sucrose concentrationse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- at harveste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of the pyrabactin resistance-like (PYL)-PP2C ABA receptor interaction antagonist AS6 did not affect endogenous ABA concentrations in the grape berries, but it decreased sucrose concentrations at harvest.”
t0“Effects of blue-light irradiation on abscisic acid signaling and sugar translocation in Vitis labruscana L.H. Bailey grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA application did not affect berry sugar concentrations.
- Taxon
- Vitis labruscana L.H. BaileyVitis ×labruscanat0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- sucrose, glucose, or fructose concentrationse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of ABA did not affect sucrose, glucose, or fructose concentrations or the expressions of VvSnRK2.6 and VvPP2C9 .”
t0“Effects of blue-light irradiation on abscisic acid signaling and sugar translocation in Vitis labruscana L.H. Bailey grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA application did not affect VvSnRK2.6 or VvPP2C9 expression.
- Taxon
- Vitis labruscana L.H. BaileyVitis ×labruscanat0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Gene
- VvSnRK2.6e0
- Outcome
- expressions of VvSnRK2.6 and VvPP2C9e0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of ABA did not affect sucrose, glucose, or fructose concentrations or the expressions of VvSnRK2.6 and VvPP2C9 .”
t0“Effects of blue-light irradiation on abscisic acid signaling and sugar translocation in Vitis labruscana L.H. Bailey grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
NDGA did not affect sugar concentration at harvest.
- Taxon
- Vitis labruscana L.H. BaileyVitis ×labruscanat0
- Treatment
- nordihydroguaiaretic acide0
- Outcome
- sugar concentrationse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Qualifier
- at harveste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA, an inhibitor of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase activity in ABA biosynthesis) did not affect sugar concentrations at harvest .”
t0“Effects of blue-light irradiation on abscisic acid signaling and sugar translocation in Vitis labruscana L.H. Bailey grapevines”