Abstract
The field study was carried out to VCSG, UUHF, Pauri Garhwal in 2022-2023 to investigate the integrated effect of organic manures and organic liquid formulations on the growth and yield of garlic. The main objective of this study was to determine the benefits of using organic manures and liquid formulations over conventional farming because the abundant use of nitrogenous fertilizers causes excessive vegetative growth at the expense of bulb formation. Among fourteen different treatment combinations that consist of various combinations of organic manures (FYM and Vermicompost) and organic liquid formulations (Panchgavya and Jeevamrit) treatment T3 i.e., FYM (10t/ha) + Panchgavya (2%) emerged as the best treatment concerning growth and yield of garlic. The findings showed that the maximum plant height (69.080 cm), number of leaves (8.400), leaf length (47.880 cm) and breadth (3.207 cm), and leaf area index (1.023) at all the 30 days intervals after sowing of garlic has been observed with the application of Treatment T3. The fundamental reason for the increased growth might be due to growth-promoting substances like auxins and gibberellins in panchgavya and high nitrogen and phosphorus in FYM. Concerning yield and quality attributes, the bulb diameter (5.657 cm), fresh weight of bulb (64.643 cm), length of the bulb (5.853 cm), number of cloves per bulb (12.200), bulb yield (120.833 q), total chlorophyll content (2.127 mg/g) and ascorbic acid content (15.333 mg/100g) was obtained maximum with the application of same treatment T3 i.e., FYM (10t/ha) + Panchgavya (2%) with yield increases up to 30% compared to control. However, the harvest index percent was found to be maximum (89.243 %) in treatment T13 i.e., Vermicompost (5t/ha) + Jeevamrit (6%). These findings suggest that organic farming practices can effectively enhance garlic production, offering a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers. Moreover, this study provides practical insights for farmers and contributes to the growing body of research on sustainable agriculture.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
bulb diameter in garlic was maximal under treatment T3 at 5.657 cm.
- Taxon
- Garlic
Allium sativumt0 - Treatment
- FYM (10t/ha) + Panchgavya (2%)e0
- Outcome
- bulb diametere0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 5.657 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concerning yield and quality attributes, the bulb diameter (5.657 cm), fresh weight of bulb (64.643 cm), length of the bulb (5.853 cm), number of cloves per bulb (12.200), bulb yield (120.833 q), total chlorophyll content (2.127 mg/g) and ascorbic acid content (15.333 mg/100g) was obtained maximum with the application of same treatment T3 i.e., FYM (10t/ha) + Panchgavya (2%) with yield increases up to 30% compared to control.”
t0“Garlic Growth, Yield and Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
fresh weight of bulb in garlic was maximal under treatment T3 at 64.643 cm.
- Taxon
- GarlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- FYM (10t/ha) + Panchgavya (2%)e0
- Outcome
- fresh weight of bulbe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 64.643 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concerning yield and quality attributes, the bulb diameter (5.657 cm), fresh weight of bulb (64.643 cm), length of the bulb (5.853 cm), number of cloves per bulb (12.200), bulb yield (120.833 q), total chlorophyll content (2.127 mg/g) and ascorbic acid content (15.333 mg/100g) was obtained maximum with the application of same treatment T3 i.e., FYM (10t/ha) + Panchgavya (2%) with yield increases up to 30% compared to control.”
t0“Garlic Growth, Yield and Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
length of the bulb in garlic was maximal under treatment T3 at 5.853 cm.
- Taxon
- GarlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- FYM (10t/ha) + Panchgavya (2%)e0
- Outcome
- length of the bulbe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 5.853 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concerning yield and quality attributes, the bulb diameter (5.657 cm), fresh weight of bulb (64.643 cm), length of the bulb (5.853 cm), number of cloves per bulb (12.200), bulb yield (120.833 q), total chlorophyll content (2.127 mg/g) and ascorbic acid content (15.333 mg/100g) was obtained maximum with the application of same treatment T3 i.e., FYM (10t/ha) + Panchgavya (2%) with yield increases up to 30% compared to control.”
t0“Garlic Growth, Yield and Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
number of cloves per bulb in garlic was maximal under treatment T3 at 12.200.
- Taxon
- GarlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- FYM (10t/ha) + Panchgavya (2%)e0
- Outcome
- number of cloves per bulbe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 12.200e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concerning yield and quality attributes, the bulb diameter (5.657 cm), fresh weight of bulb (64.643 cm), length of the bulb (5.853 cm), number of cloves per bulb (12.200), bulb yield (120.833 q), total chlorophyll content (2.127 mg/g) and ascorbic acid content (15.333 mg/100g) was obtained maximum with the application of same treatment T3 i.e., FYM (10t/ha) + Panchgavya (2%) with yield increases up to 30% compared to control.”
t0“Garlic Growth, Yield and Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
bulb yield in garlic was maximal under treatment T3 at 120.833 q.
- Taxon
- GarlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- FYM (10t/ha) + Panchgavya (2%)e0
- Outcome
- bulb yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 120.833 qe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concerning yield and quality attributes, the bulb diameter (5.657 cm), fresh weight of bulb (64.643 cm), length of the bulb (5.853 cm), number of cloves per bulb (12.200), bulb yield (120.833 q), total chlorophyll content (2.127 mg/g) and ascorbic acid content (15.333 mg/100g) was obtained maximum with the application of same treatment T3 i.e., FYM (10t/ha) + Panchgavya (2%) with yield increases up to 30% compared to control.”
t0“Garlic Growth, Yield and Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
total chlorophyll content in garlic was maximal under treatment T3 at 2.127 mg/g.
- Taxon
- GarlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- FYM (10t/ha) + Panchgavya (2%)e0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 2.127 mg/ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concerning yield and quality attributes, the bulb diameter (5.657 cm), fresh weight of bulb (64.643 cm), length of the bulb (5.853 cm), number of cloves per bulb (12.200), bulb yield (120.833 q), total chlorophyll content (2.127 mg/g) and ascorbic acid content (15.333 mg/100g) was obtained maximum with the application of same treatment T3 i.e., FYM (10t/ha) + Panchgavya (2%) with yield increases up to 30% compared to control.”
t0“Garlic Growth, Yield and Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
ascorbic acid content in garlic was maximal under treatment T3 at 15.333 mg/100g.
- Taxon
- GarlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- FYM (10t/ha) + Panchgavya (2%)e0
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid contente0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 15.333 mg/100ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concerning yield and quality attributes, the bulb diameter (5.657 cm), fresh weight of bulb (64.643 cm), length of the bulb (5.853 cm), number of cloves per bulb (12.200), bulb yield (120.833 q), total chlorophyll content (2.127 mg/g) and ascorbic acid content (15.333 mg/100g) was obtained maximum with the application of same treatment T3 i.e., FYM (10t/ha) + Panchgavya (2%) with yield increases up to 30% compared to control.”
t0“Garlic Growth, Yield and Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic yield increased by up to 30% under treatment T3 relative to control.
- Taxon
- GarlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- FYM (10t/ha) + Panchgavya (2%)e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 30%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concerning yield and quality attributes, the bulb diameter (5.657 cm), fresh weight of bulb (64.643 cm), length of the bulb (5.853 cm), number of cloves per bulb (12.200), bulb yield (120.833 q), total chlorophyll content (2.127 mg/g) and ascorbic acid content (15.333 mg/100g) was obtained maximum with the application of same treatment T3 i.e., FYM (10t/ha) + Panchgavya (2%) with yield increases up to 30% compared to control.”
t0“Garlic Growth, Yield and Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest index was highest at 89.243% under T13.
- Taxon
- GarlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- Vermicompost (5t/ha) + Jeevamrit (6%)e0
- Outcome
- harvest index percente0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 89.243 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, the harvest index percent was found to be maximum (89.243 %) in treatment T13 i.e., Vermicompost (5t/ha) + Jeevamrit (6%).”
t0“Garlic Growth, Yield and Quality”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest organic farming practices to enhance garlic production.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume0
- Treatment
- organic farming practicese0
- Outcome
- enhance garlic productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These findings suggest that organic farming practices can effectively enhance garlic production”
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