Abstract
Abstract Plants produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon infection, which typically trigger defence mechanisms and impede pathogen proliferation. Root‐knot nematodes (RKNs, Meloidogyne spp.) represent highly detrimental pathogens capable of parasitizing a broad spectrum of crops, resulting in substantial annual agricultural losses. The involvement of ROS in RKN parasitism is well acknowledged. In this study, we identified a novel effector from Meloidogyne incognita , named CATLe, that contains a conserved catalase domain, exhibiting potential functions in regulating host ROS levels. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CATLe is conserved across RKNs. Temporal and spatial expression assays showed that the CATLe gene was specifically up‐regulated at the early infection stages and accumulated in the subventral oesophageal gland cells of M. incognita . Immunolocalization demonstrated that CATLe was secreted into the giant cells of the host plant during M. incognita parasitism. Transient expression of CATLe significantly dampened the flg22‐induced ROS production in Nicotiana benthamiana . In planta assays confirmed that M. incognita can exploit CATLe to manipulate host ROS levels by directly degrading H 2 O 2 . Additionally, interfering with expression of the CATLe gene through double‐stranded RNA soaking and host‐induced gene silencing significantly attenuated M. incognita parasitism, highlighting the important role of CATLe. Taken together, our results suggest that RKNs can directly degrade ROS products using a functional catalase, thereby manipulating host ROS levels and facilitating parasitism.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The CATLe gene of M. incognita was specifically up-regulated at the early infection stages.
- Taxon
- host plante1
- Organ / stage
- early infection stagese0
- Interactor
- M. incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae0pathogen - Gene
- CATLee0
- Outcome
- CATLe genee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Temporal and spatial expression assays showed that the CATLe gene was specifically up‐regulated at the early infection stages and accumulated in the subventral oesophageal gland cells of M. incognita”
e1“Immunolocalization demonstrated that CATLe was secreted into the giant cells of the host plant during M. incognita parasitism”
Claim · model-written summary
CATLe accumulated in the subventral oesophageal gland cells of M. incognita.
- Taxon
- host plante1
- Organ / stage
- subventral oesophageal gland cellse0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Gene
- CATLee0
- Outcome
- accumulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Temporal and spatial expression assays showed that the CATLe gene was specifically up‐regulated at the early infection stages and accumulated in the subventral oesophageal gland cells of M. incognita”
e1“Immunolocalization demonstrated that CATLe was secreted into the giant cells of the host plant during M. incognita parasitism”
Claim · model-written summary
CATLe was secreted into the giant cells of the host plant during M. incognita parasitism.
- Taxon
- host plante0
- Organ / stage
- giant cellse0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Gene
- CATLee0
- Outcome
- secretede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Immunolocalization demonstrated that CATLe was secreted into the giant cells of the host plant during M. incognita parasitism”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient expression of CATLe significantly dampened flg22-induced ROS production in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- Transient expression of CATLee0
- Gene
- CATLee0
- Outcome
- ROS productione0
- Direction
- dampenede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transient expression of CATLe significantly dampened the flg22‐induced ROS production in Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
M. incognita can exploit CATLe to manipulate host ROS levels by directly degrading H2O2 in planta.
- Taxon
- host plante1
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Gene
- CATLee0
- Outcome
- host ROS levelse0
- Qualifier
- directly degradinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In planta assays confirmed that M. incognita can exploit CATLe to manipulate host ROS levels by directly degrading H 2 O 2”
e1“Immunolocalization demonstrated that CATLe was secreted into the giant cells of the host plant during M. incognita parasitism”
Claim · model-written summary
Interfering with CATLe expression by double-stranded RNA soaking significantly attenuated M. incognita parasitism.
- Taxon
- host plante1
- Treatment
- interfering with expression of the CATLe genee0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Gene
- CATLee0
- Outcome
- M. incognita parasitisme0
- Direction
- attenuatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“interfering with expression of the CATLe gene through double‐stranded RNA soaking and host‐induced gene silencing significantly attenuated M. incognita parasitism”
e1“Immunolocalization demonstrated that CATLe was secreted into the giant cells of the host plant during M. incognita parasitism”
Claim · model-written summary
Host-induced gene silencing significantly attenuated M. incognita parasitism.
- Taxon
- host plante1
- Treatment
- gene silencinge0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- M. incognita parasitisme0
- Direction
- attenuatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“interfering with expression of the CATLe gene through double‐stranded RNA soaking and host‐induced gene silencing significantly attenuated M. incognita parasitism”
e1“Immunolocalization demonstrated that CATLe was secreted into the giant cells of the host plant during M. incognita parasitism”
Claim · model-written summary
Root-knot nematodes can directly degrade ROS products using a functional catalase, manipulating host ROS levels to facilitate parasitism.
Verbatim
e0“Taken together, our results suggest that RKNs can directly degrade ROS products using a functional catalase, thereby manipulating host ROS levels and facilitating parasitism”
e1“Immunolocalization demonstrated that CATLe was secreted into the giant cells of the host plant during M. incognita parasitism”
Claim · model-written summary
CATLe is conserved across root-knot nematodes.
Verbatim
e0“Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CATLe is conserved across RKNs”
e1“Immunolocalization demonstrated that CATLe was secreted into the giant cells of the host plant during M. incognita parasitism”
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