Abstract
The field experiment entitled “Impact of Sowing Techniques and Herbicide Combinations on Weed Flora in Wheat (Triticum aestivum)” was conducted at Students’ Research Farm, Khalsa College, Amritsar during rabi season of 2020-21. The field experiment was conducted in split-plot design with three methods of sowing viz. Conventional tillage (M1), Super seeder (M2) and Happy seeder (M3) in main plots while seven weed management practices in sub-plots viz, W1(pinoxaden + clodinafop), W2 (fenoxaprop + metribuzin), W3 (metsulfuron-methyl + carfentrazone-ethyl + NIS), W4 (pendimethalin fb pinoxaden + metsulfuron-methyl), W5 (isoproturon + 2,4-D), W6 (weed free), W7 (weedy check) replicated thrice. Among the different methods of crop establishment, total reduction in weed density and biomass of weeds was observed in happy seeder sown wheat (M3) followed by the super seeder sown wheat (M2), however the maximum was found in conventional tillage sown wheat (M1). Super seeder sown wheat recorded highest grain yield and straw yield as well. Among the various weed control treatments, W4 enhanced of growth, yield and benefit cost ratio of wheat which was at par with W6 (weed free), W1 and W2 and significantly better than W3, W5 and W7 as compared to weedy check, the higher yield attribute character and yield of wheat was produced with herbicidal treatments. The maximum yield (54.29 q ha-1) was achieved by first spraying of pre-emergence herbicide pendimethalin fb post-emergence application of pinoxaden + metsulfuron-methyl in W4 treatment.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Happy seeder sown wheat (M3) gave the largest total reduction in weed density and biomass compared with conventional tillage sown wheat (M1).
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- happy seeder sown wheat (M3)e1
- Interactor
- weedse1weed
- Outcome
- weed density and biomass of weedse1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Comparator
- conventional tillage sown wheat (M1)e1
- Setting
- Students’ Research Farm, Khalsa College, Amritsare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was conducted at Students’ Research Farm, Khalsa College, Amritsar during rabi season of 2020-21”
e1“total reduction in weed density and biomass of weeds was observed in happy seeder sown wheat (M3) followed by the super seeder sown wheat (M2), however the maximum was found in conventional tillage sown wheat (M1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Super seeder sown wheat (M2) reduced weed density and biomass, ranking after happy seeder sown wheat (M3).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- super seeder sown wheat (M2)e1
- Interactor
- weedse1weed
- Outcome
- weed density and biomass of weedse1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Qualifier
- followed bye1
- Comparator
- conventional tillage sown wheat (M1)e1
- Setting
- Students’ Research Farm, Khalsa College, Amritsare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was conducted at Students’ Research Farm, Khalsa College, Amritsar during rabi season of 2020-21”
e1“total reduction in weed density and biomass of weeds was observed in happy seeder sown wheat (M3) followed by the super seeder sown wheat (M2), however the maximum was found in conventional tillage sown wheat (M1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage sown wheat (M1) had the maximum weed density and biomass, compared with happy seeder sown wheat (M3).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- conventional tillage sown wheat (M1)e1
- Interactor
- weedse1weed
- Outcome
- weed density and biomass of weedse1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Comparator
- happy seeder sown wheat (M3)e1
- Setting
- Students’ Research Farm, Khalsa College, Amritsare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was conducted at Students’ Research Farm, Khalsa College, Amritsar during rabi season of 2020-21”
e1“total reduction in weed density and biomass of weeds was observed in happy seeder sown wheat (M3) followed by the super seeder sown wheat (M2), however the maximum was found in conventional tillage sown wheat (M1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Super seeder sown wheat (M2) recorded the highest grain yield and straw yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- Super seeder sown wheate2
- Outcome
- grain yield and straw yielde2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Setting
- Students’ Research Farm, Khalsa College, Amritsare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was conducted at Students’ Research Farm, Khalsa College, Amritsar during rabi season of 2020-21”
e2“Super seeder sown wheat recorded highest grain yield and straw yield as well”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide combination W4 enhanced growth, yield and benefit cost ratio of wheat compared with the weedy check.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- pendimethalin fb post-emergence application of pinoxaden + metsulfuron-methyle4
- Outcome
- growth, yield and benefit cost ratioe3
- Direction
- enhancede3
- Comparator
- weedy checke3
- Setting
- Students’ Research Farm, Khalsa College, Amritsare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was conducted at Students’ Research Farm, Khalsa College, Amritsar during rabi season of 2020-21”
e3“W4 enhanced of growth, yield and benefit cost ratio of wheat which was at par with W6 (weed free), W1 and W2 and significantly better than W3, W5 and W7 as compared to weedy check”
e4“The maximum yield (54.29 q ha-1) was achieved by first spraying of pre-emergence herbicide pendimethalin fb post-emergence application of pinoxaden + metsulfuron-methyl in W4 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide combination W4 gave growth, yield and benefit cost ratio at par with the weed free treatment, W1 and W2.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- pendimethalin fb post-emergence application of pinoxaden + metsulfuron-methyle4
- Outcome
- growth, yield and benefit cost ratioe3
- Direction
- at pare3
- Comparator
- weed freee3
- Setting
- Students’ Research Farm, Khalsa College, Amritsare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was conducted at Students’ Research Farm, Khalsa College, Amritsar during rabi season of 2020-21”
e3“W4 enhanced of growth, yield and benefit cost ratio of wheat which was at par with W6 (weed free), W1 and W2 and significantly better than W3, W5 and W7 as compared to weedy check”
e4“The maximum yield (54.29 q ha-1) was achieved by first spraying of pre-emergence herbicide pendimethalin fb post-emergence application of pinoxaden + metsulfuron-methyl in W4 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide combination W4 was significantly better in growth, yield and benefit cost ratio than W3, W5 and W7.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- pendimethalin fb post-emergence application of pinoxaden + metsulfuron-methyle4
- Outcome
- growth, yield and benefit cost ratioe3
- Direction
- bettere3
- Comparator
- W3, W5 and W7e3
- Setting
- Students’ Research Farm, Khalsa College, Amritsare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was conducted at Students’ Research Farm, Khalsa College, Amritsar during rabi season of 2020-21”
e3“W4 enhanced of growth, yield and benefit cost ratio of wheat which was at par with W6 (weed free), W1 and W2 and significantly better than W3, W5 and W7 as compared to weedy check”
e4“The maximum yield (54.29 q ha-1) was achieved by first spraying of pre-emergence herbicide pendimethalin fb post-emergence application of pinoxaden + metsulfuron-methyl in W4 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicidal treatments produced higher yield attribute characters and yield of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- herbicidal treatmentse5
- Outcome
- yield attribute character and yielde5
- Direction
- highere5
- Setting
- Students’ Research Farm, Khalsa College, Amritsare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was conducted at Students’ Research Farm, Khalsa College, Amritsar during rabi season of 2020-21”
e5“the higher yield attribute character and yield of wheat was produced with herbicidal treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide combination W4 gave the maximum yield of 54.29 q ha-1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- pendimethalin fb post-emergence application of pinoxaden + metsulfuron-methyle4
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- maximume4
- Value
- 54.29 q ha-1e4
- Setting
- Students’ Research Farm, Khalsa College, Amritsare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was conducted at Students’ Research Farm, Khalsa College, Amritsar during rabi season of 2020-21”
e1“total reduction in weed density and biomass of weeds was observed in happy seeder sown wheat (M3) followed by the super seeder sown wheat (M2), however the maximum was found in conventional tillage sown wheat (M1)”
e4“The maximum yield (54.29 q ha-1) was achieved by first spraying of pre-emergence herbicide pendimethalin fb post-emergence application of pinoxaden + metsulfuron-methyl in W4 treatment”
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- no effect
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See all 563 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.