Abstract
In the rice-based system of mid-latitudes, mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizer serves as the largest source of the N cycle due to an insufficient supply of N from organic sources causing higher N losses due to varying soil and environmental factors. However, aiming to improve soil organic matter (OM) and nutrients availability using the best environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable cultural and agronomic management practices are necessary. This study aimed to enhance nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and grain yield in rice-based systems of mid-latitudes by partially replacing inorganic N fertilizer with organic inputs. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was employed to evaluate the effects of sole mineral N fertilizer (urea) and its combinations with organic sources—farmyard manure (FYM) and poultry compost—on different elite green super rice (GSR) genotypes and were named as NUYT-1, NUYT-2, NUYT-3, NUYT-4, NUYT-5, and NUYT-6. The study was conducted during the 2022 and 2023 rice growing seasons at the Rice Research Program, Crop Sciences Institute (CSI), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, one of the mid-latitudes of Pakistan. The key objective was to determine the most effective N management strategy for optimizing plant growth, N content in soil and plants, and overall crop productivity. The results revealed that the combined application of poultry compost and mineral urea significantly enhanced soil and leaf N content (1.36 g kg− 1 and 3.06 mg cm− 2, respectively) and plant morphophysiological traits compared to sole urea application. Maximum shoot dry weight (SDW) and root dry weight (RDW) were observed in compost-applied treatment with the values of 77.62 g hill− 1 and 8.36 g hill− 1, respectively. The two-year mean data indicated that applying 150 kg N ha⁻1, with half provided by organic sources (10 tons ha⁻1 FYM or poultry compost) and the remainder by mineral urea, resulted in the highest N uptake, utilization, and plant productivity. Thus, integrated management of organic carbon sources and inorganic fertilizers may sustain the productivity of rice-based systems more eco-efficiently. Further research is recommended to explore root and shoot morphophysiological, molecular, and biochemical responses under varying N regimes, aiming to develop N-efficient rice varieties through advanced breeding programs.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry compost plus mineral urea increased soil N content versus urea alone.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- combined application of poultry compost and mineral ureae0
- Outcome
- soil and leaf N contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 1.36 g kg− 1e0
- Comparator
- sole urea applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined application of poultry compost and mineral urea significantly enhanced soil and leaf N content (1.36 g kg− 1 and 3.06 mg cm− 2, respectively) and plant morphophysiological traits compared to sole urea application”
t0“rice-based systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry compost plus mineral urea increased leaf N content versus urea alone.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combined application of poultry compost and mineral ureae0
- Outcome
- leaf N contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 3.06 mg cm− 2e0
- Comparator
- sole urea applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined application of poultry compost and mineral urea significantly enhanced soil and leaf N content (1.36 g kg− 1 and 3.06 mg cm− 2, respectively) and plant morphophysiological traits compared to sole urea application”
t0“rice-based systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry compost plus mineral urea improved plant morphophysiological traits versus urea alone.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combined application of poultry compost and mineral ureae0
- Outcome
- plant morphophysiological traitse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- sole urea applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined application of poultry compost and mineral urea significantly enhanced soil and leaf N content (1.36 g kg− 1 and 3.06 mg cm− 2, respectively) and plant morphophysiological traits compared to sole urea application”
t0“rice-based systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost treatment produced maximum shoot dry weight of 77.62 g hill− 1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- compost-applied treatmente0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 77.62 g hill− 1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum shoot dry weight (SDW) and root dry weight (RDW) were observed in compost-applied treatment with the values of 77.62 g hill− 1 and 8.36 g hill− 1, respectively”
t0“rice-based systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost treatment produced maximum root dry weight of 8.36 g hill− 1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- compost-applied treatmente0
- Outcome
- root dry weighte0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 8.36 g hill− 1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum shoot dry weight (SDW) and root dry weight (RDW) were observed in compost-applied treatment with the values of 77.62 g hill− 1 and 8.36 g hill− 1, respectively”
t0“rice-based systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Half organic N and half urea yielded the highest N uptake and utilization.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- applying 150 kg N ha⁻1, with half provided by organic sources (10 tons ha⁻1 FYM or poultry compost) and the remainder by mineral ureae0
- Outcome
- N uptake, utilizatione0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applying 150 kg N ha⁻1, with half provided by organic sources (10 tons ha⁻1 FYM or poultry compost) and the remainder by mineral urea, resulted in the highest N uptake, utilization, and plant productivity”
t0“rice-based systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Half organic N and half urea yielded the highest plant productivity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- applying 150 kg N ha⁻1, with half provided by organic sources (10 tons ha⁻1 FYM or poultry compost) and the remainder by mineral ureae0
- Outcome
- plant productivitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applying 150 kg N ha⁻1, with half provided by organic sources (10 tons ha⁻1 FYM or poultry compost) and the remainder by mineral urea, resulted in the highest N uptake, utilization, and plant productivity”
t0“rice-based systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest integrated organic and inorganic fertilization may sustain productivity more efficiently.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- integrated management of organic carbon sources and inorganic fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“integrated management of organic carbon sources and inorganic fertilizers may sustain the productivity of rice-based systems more eco-efficiently”
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