Abstract
The exploitation of drought is a critical worldwide challenge that influences wheat growth and productivity. This study aimed to investigate a synergistic amendment strategy for drought using the single and combined application of plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) (Trichoderma harzianum) and biogenic silica nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) from rice husk ash (RHA) on Saudi Arabia’s Spring wheat Summit cultivar (Triticum aestivum L.) for 102 DAS (days after sowing). The significant improvement was due to the application of 600 ppm SiO2NPs and T. harzianum + 600 ppm SiO2NPs, which enhanced the physiological properties of chlorophyll a, carotenoids, total pigments, osmolytes, and antioxidant contents of drought-stressed wheat plants as adaptive strategies. The results suggest that the expression of the studied genes (TaP5CS1, TaZFP34, TaWRKY1, TaMPK3, TaLEA, and the wheat housekeeping gene TaActin) in wheat remarkably enhanced wheat tolerance to drought stress. We discovered that the genes and metabolites involved significantly contributed to defense responses, making them potential targets for assessing drought tolerance levels. The drought tolerance indices of wheat were revealed by the mean productivity (MP), stress sensitivity index (SSI), yield stability index (YSI), and stress tolerance index (STI). We employed four databases, such as BAR, InterPro, phytozome, and the KEGG pathway, to predict and decipher the putative domains in prior gene sequencing. As a result, we discovered that these genes may be involved in a range of important biological functions in specific tissues at different developmental stages, including response to drought stress, proline accumulation, plant growth and development, and defense response. In conclusion, the sole and/or dual T. harzianum application to the wheat cultivar improved drought tolerance strength. These findings could be insightful data for wheat production in Saudi Arabia under various water regimes.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 600 ppm SiO2NPs and of T. harzianum + 600 ppm SiO2NPs improved chlorophyll a, carotenoids, total pigments of drought-stressed wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- 600 ppm SiO2NPs and T. harzianum + 600 ppm SiO2NPse0
- Interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0other - Outcome
- chlorophyll a, carotenoids, total pigmentse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The significant improvement was due to the application of 600 ppm SiO2NPs and T. harzianum + 600 ppm SiO2NPs, which enhanced the physiological properties of chlorophyll a, carotenoids, total pigments, osmolytes, and antioxidant contents of drought-stressed wheat plants as adaptive strategies”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 600 ppm SiO2NPs and of T. harzianum + 600 ppm SiO2NPs improved osmolytes, and antioxidant contents of drought-stressed wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 600 ppm SiO2NPs and T. harzianum + 600 ppm SiO2NPse0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0other
- Outcome
- osmolytes, and antioxidant contentse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The significant improvement was due to the application of 600 ppm SiO2NPs and T. harzianum + 600 ppm SiO2NPs, which enhanced the physiological properties of chlorophyll a, carotenoids, total pigments, osmolytes, and antioxidant contents of drought-stressed wheat plants as adaptive strategies”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of the studied genes TaP5CS1, TaZFP34, TaWRKY1, TaMPK3 and TaLEA in wheat is suggested to have enhanced wheat tolerance to drought stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Gene
- TaP5CS1, TaZFP34, TaWRKY1, TaMPK3, TaLEAe0
- Outcome
- wheat tolerance to drought stresse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results suggest that the expression of the studied genes (TaP5CS1, TaZFP34, TaWRKY1, TaMPK3, TaLEA, and the wheat housekeeping gene TaActin) in wheat remarkably enhanced wheat tolerance to drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The genes and metabolites involved significantly contributed to defense responses in wheat and are proposed as potential targets for assessing drought tolerance levels.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- genese0
- Outcome
- defense responsese0
- Qualifier
- potential targets for assessing drought tolerance levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bread Wheat”
e0“the genes and metabolites involved significantly contributed to defense responses, making them potential targets for assessing drought tolerance levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioinformatic prediction with BAR, InterPro, phytozome and KEGG suggested that these genes may be involved in drought response, proline accumulation, plant growth and development, and defense response in specific tissues at different developmental stages.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- these genese0
- Outcome
- biological functionse0
- Qualifier
- may be involvede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bread Wheat”
e0“these genes may be involved in a range of important biological functions in specific tissues at different developmental stages, including response to drought stress, proline accumulation, plant growth and development, and defense response”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole and/or dual T. harzianum application to the wheat cultivar improved drought tolerance strength.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- sole and/or dual T. harzianum applicatione0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0other
- Outcome
- drought tolerance strengthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the sole and/or dual T. harzianum application to the wheat cultivar improved drought tolerance strength”
The same questions in other papers
Trichoderma harzianum · physiology: pigments · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.