Abstract
Information on the long-term effects of the addition of organics and fertilizers to wheat under the pearl millet–wheat cropping system with semi-arid conditions in north-western India is still lacking. The present research was conducted in an ongoing field experiment initiated during Rabi 1995 at the Research Farm of Chaudhary Charan Singh at Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. After 25 years, the impacts of nutrient management practices on soil fertility and wheat productivity were evaluated. The experiment comprised a total of eight treatment combinations viz. half and full doses of recommended fertilizers (N and P), organic manures (FYM: farmyard manure, POM: poultry manure, and PRM: press mud) alone and in combination with NP fertilizers. The conjoint application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers resulted in a positive influx of nutrients via increasing total organic carbon (TOC), available N, P, K, and S, which ranged from 0.46 to 1.42%, 122.70 to 194.70, 15.66 to 74.92, 340.5 to 761.2, and 15.26 to 54.63 kg ha−1 in surface soil (0–15 cm), respectively. Carbon fractions and crop yield were significantly improved by adopting integrated nutrient management (INM). The TOC showed a positive and significant correlation with C fractions (r > 0.92) and with soil-available N, P, K, and S (r > 0.77) content. The data also revealed a strong relationship between TOC and soil-available (0–15 cm) nutrients i.e., available N (R2= 0.769), available P (R2 = 0.881), available K (R2 = 0.758), and available S (R2 = 0.914), respectively. Thus, practices that increased TOC were also beneficial in enhancing the availability of the nutrients in the soil. A positive and highly significant correlation was also found among wheat yield, nutrient (NPKS) content, and uptake. A polynomial relationship between grain yield and grain N (R2 = 0.962), P (R2 = 0.946), and K (R2 = 0.967) content, and between straw yield and straw N (R2 = 0.830), P (R2 = 0.541) and K (R2 = 0.976) content was obtained. Integrated use of PRM7.5 followed by FYM15 and POM5 coupled with NP fertilizers proved best, which could be beneficial for obtaining nutritious and highest wheat yield (grain: 6.01 t ha−1 and straw: 7.70 t ha−1) coupled with improved fertility within a sustained manner under the pearl millet–wheat sequence in prevailing semi-arid conditions of the North Indian state of Haryana.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Joint organic manure and fertilizer use increased total organic carbon and available N and P.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- conjoint application of organic manure and chemical fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- total organic carbon (TOC), available N, Pe0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The conjoint application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers resulted in a positive influx of nutrients via increasing total organic carbon (TOC), available N, P, K, and S”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Joint organic manure and fertilizer use increased available K and S.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- conjoint application of organic manure and chemical fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- K, and Se0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The conjoint application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers resulted in a positive influx of nutrients via increasing total organic carbon (TOC), available N, P, K, and S”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated nutrient management significantly improved carbon fractions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- integrated nutrient management (INM)e0
- Outcome
- Carbon fractionse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carbon fractions and crop yield were significantly improved by adopting integrated nutrient management (INM)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated nutrient management significantly improved crop yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- integrated nutrient management (INM)e0
- Outcome
- crop yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carbon fractions and crop yield were significantly improved by adopting integrated nutrient management (INM)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Total organic carbon was positively correlated with carbon fractions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- C fractionse0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Qualifier
- r > 0.92e0
- Comparator
- TOCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The TOC showed a positive and significant correlation with C fractions (r > 0.92)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Total organic carbon was positively correlated with soil available N, P, K and S.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- soil-available N, P, K, and Se0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Qualifier
- r > 0.77e0
- Comparator
- TOCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The TOC showed a positive and significant correlation with C fractions (r > 0.92) and with soil-available N, P, K, and S (r > 0.77) content”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Total organic carbon had a strong relationship with available N, P, K and S.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- soil-available (0–15 cm) nutrientse0
- Comparator
- TOCe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a strong relationship between TOC and soil-available (0–15 cm) nutrients i.e., available N (R2= 0.769), available P (R2 = 0.881), available K (R2 = 0.758), and available S (R2 = 0.914)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yield, nutrient content and nutrient uptake were positively correlated.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Comparator
- nutrient (NPKS) content, and uptakee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A positive and highly significant correlation was also found among wheat yield, nutrient (NPKS) content, and uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield had polynomial relationships with grain N, P and K content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Comparator
- grain Ne0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A polynomial relationship between grain yield and grain N (R2 = 0.962), P (R2 = 0.946), and K (R2 = 0.967) content”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw yield had polynomial relationships with straw N, P and K content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Comparator
- straw Ne0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“between straw yield and straw N (R2 = 0.830), P (R2 = 0.541) and K (R2 = 0.976) content”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
PRM7.5 with NP fertilizers gave the best grain yield of 6.01 t ha−1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Integrated use of PRM7.5 followed by FYM15 and POM5 coupled with NP fertilizers proved best, which could be beneficial for obtaining nutritious and highest wheat yield (grain: 6.01 t ha−1 and straw: 7.70 t ha−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
PRM7.5 with NP fertilizers gave the best straw yield of 7.70 t ha−1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Integrated use of PRM7.5 followed by FYM15 and POM5 coupled with NP fertilizers proved best, which could be beneficial for obtaining nutritious and highest wheat yield (grain: 6.01 t ha−1 and straw: 7.70 t ha−1)”
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