Abstract
BACKGROUND: Drought stress is a significant abiotic stressor that hinders growth, development, and crop yield in soybeans. Strigolactones (SLs) positively regulate plant resistance to drought stress. However, the impact of foliar application of SLs having different concentrations on soybean growth and metabolic pathways related to osmoregulation remains unknown. Therefore, to clarify the impact of SLs on soybean root growth and cellular osmoregulation under drought stress, we initially identified optimal concentrations and assessed key leaf and root indices. Furthermore, we conducted transcriptomic and metabolic analyses to identify differential metabolites and up-regulated genes. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that drought stress had a significant impact on soybean biomass, root length, root surface area, water content and photosynthetic parameters. However, when SLs were applied through foliar application at appropriate concentrations, the accumulation of ABA and soluble protein increased, which enhanced drought tolerance of soybean seedlings by regulating osmotic balance, protecting membrane integrity, photosynthesis and activating ROS scavenging system. This also led to an increase in soybean root length, lateral root number and root surface area. Furthermore, the effects of different concentrations of SLs on soybean leaves and roots were found to be time-sensitive. However, the application of 0.5 µM SLs had the greatest beneficial impact on soybean growth and root morphogenesis under drought stress. A total of 368 differential metabolites were screened in drought and drought plus SLs treatments. The up-regulated genes were mainly involved in nitrogen compound utilization, and the down-regulated metabolic pathways were mainly involved in maintaining cellular osmoregulation and antioxidant defenses. CONCLUSIONS: SLs enhance osmoregulation in soybean plants under drought stress by regulating key metabolic pathways including Arachidonic acid metabolism, Glycerophospholipid metabolism, Linoleic acid metabolism, and Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis. This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of improving soybean adaptability and survival in response to drought stress.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Drought significantly affected soybean biomass, root traits, water content and photosynthetic parameters.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- soybean biomass, root length, root surface area, water content and photosynthetic parameterse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought stress had a significant impact on soybean biomass, root length, root surface area, water content and photosynthetic parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar SLs increased ABA and soluble protein accumulation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- SLse0
- Outcome
- accumulation of ABA and soluble proteine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- appropriate concentrationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when SLs were applied through foliar application at appropriate concentrations, the accumulation of ABA and soluble protein increased”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar SLs enhanced drought tolerance through osmotic balance, membrane protection, photosynthesis and ROS scavenging.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- drought tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- regulating osmotic balance, protecting membrane integrity, photosynthesis and activating ROS scavenging systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced drought tolerance of soybean seedlings by regulating osmotic balance, protecting membrane integrity, photosynthesis and activating ROS scavenging system”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar SLs increased soybean root length, lateral root number and root surface area.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- SLse1
- Outcome
- root length, lateral root number and root surface areae0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This also led to an increase in soybean root length, lateral root number and root surface area”
e1“different concentrations of SLs”
Claim · model-written summary
SL effects on soybean leaves and roots were time-sensitive.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse0
- Outcome
- effects of different concentrations of SLse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of different concentrations of SLs on soybean leaves and roots were found to be time-sensitive”
Claim · model-written summary
0.5 µM SLs had the greatest beneficial effect on soybean growth under drought.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- 0.5 µM SLse0
- Outcome
- soybean growth and root morphogenesise0
- Direction
- greatest beneficial impacte0
- Qualifier
- under drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of 0.5 µM SLs had the greatest beneficial impact on soybean growth and root morphogenesis under drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
368 metabolites differed between drought and drought-plus-SLs treatments.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- differential metabolitese0
- Value
- 368e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A total of 368 differential metabolites were screened in drought and drought plus SLs treatments”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Up-regulated genes were mainly involved in nitrogen compound utilization.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- up-regulated genese0
- Qualifier
- nitrogen compound utilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The up-regulated genes were mainly involved in nitrogen compound utilization”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Down-regulated metabolic pathways were mainly involved in osmoregulation and antioxidant defenses.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- down-regulated metabolic pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the down-regulated metabolic pathways were mainly involved in maintaining cellular osmoregulation and antioxidant defenses”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed improved soybean osmoregulation under drought to several regulated metabolic pathways.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- osmoregulatione0
- Qualifier
- regulating key metabolic pathways including Arachidonic acid metabolism, Glycerophospholipid metabolism, Linoleic acid metabolism, and Flavone and flavonol biosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SLs enhance osmoregulation in soybean plants under drought stress by regulating key metabolic pathways including Arachidonic acid metabolism, Glycerophospholipid metabolism, Linoleic acid metabolism, and Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis”
The same questions in other papers
class · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
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- negative
- no effect
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See all 62 papers →class · physiology: osmolytes · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
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- positive
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.