Abstract
Applying organic amendments with high carbon (C) content can indeed improve soil quality and increase crop yields. The objective of this 4-year field study was to evaluate the effects of three fertilizer-N application (N0, N75, and N100) levels in main plots and five levels of organic amendments incorporation (farmyard manure, poultry manure, press mud, rice straw compost and no manure) in wheat in sub-plots on soil biological properties, and crop yields in a low C sandy loam (Typic Ustochrept) soil. The application of fertilizer-N and organic amendments significantly increased all the soil enzyme activities as compared to the control. In contrast, the results of microbial biomass carbon, phenoloxidase, and peroxidase activity were significantly higher in farmyard manure treated plots by 64.6, 46.2 and 17.7%, respectively than control. Principal component analysis (PCA) suggests that dehydrogenase, xylanase, phenol oxidase, peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase can serve as sensitive indicators and were contribution to soil quality index by 42.5%, 11.3%, 46.8%, 22.6%, and 3.7%, respectively. Results suggest that locally available organic manures can be potential soil amendments to improve biological properties and enhance crop productivity under integrated nutrients management practices in rice-wheat cropping systems.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer nitrogen and organic amendments increased soil enzyme activities relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- fertilizer-N and organic amendmentse0
- Outcome
- soil enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of fertilizer-N and organic amendments significantly increased all the soil enzyme activities as compared to the control.”
e1“in wheat in sub-plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmyard manure raised microbial biomass carbon by 64.6% versus control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- farmyard manuree0
- Outcome
- microbial biomass carbone0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 64.6e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“microbial biomass carbon, phenoloxidase, and peroxidase activity were significantly higher in farmyard manure treated plots by 64.6, 46.2 and 17.7%, respectively than control”
e1“in wheat in sub-plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmyard manure raised phenoloxidase activity by 46.2% versus control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- farmyard manuree0
- Outcome
- phenoloxidasee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 46.2e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“microbial biomass carbon, phenoloxidase, and peroxidase activity were significantly higher in farmyard manure treated plots by 64.6, 46.2 and 17.7%, respectively than control”
e1“in wheat in sub-plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmyard manure raised peroxidase activity by 17.7% versus control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- farmyard manuree0
- Outcome
- peroxidase activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 17.7%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“microbial biomass carbon, phenoloxidase, and peroxidase activity were significantly higher in farmyard manure treated plots by 64.6, 46.2 and 17.7%, respectively than control”
e1“in wheat in sub-plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Dehydrogenase contributed 42.5% to the soil quality index.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- dehydrogenasee0
- Value
- 42.5%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dehydrogenase, xylanase, phenol oxidase, peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase can serve as sensitive indicators and were contribution to soil quality index by 42.5%, 11.3%, 46.8%, 22.6%, and 3.7%, respectively”
e1“in wheat in sub-plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Xylanase contributed 11.3% to the soil quality index.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- xylanasee0
- Value
- 11.3%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dehydrogenase, xylanase, phenol oxidase, peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase can serve as sensitive indicators and were contribution to soil quality index by 42.5%, 11.3%, 46.8%, 22.6%, and 3.7%, respectively”
e1“in wheat in sub-plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenol oxidase contributed 46.8% to the soil quality index.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- phenol oxidasee0
- Value
- 46.8%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dehydrogenase, xylanase, phenol oxidase, peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase can serve as sensitive indicators and were contribution to soil quality index by 42.5%, 11.3%, 46.8%, 22.6%, and 3.7%, respectively”
e1“in wheat in sub-plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Peroxidase contributed 22.6% to the soil quality index.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- peroxidasee0
- Value
- 22.6%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dehydrogenase, xylanase, phenol oxidase, peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase can serve as sensitive indicators and were contribution to soil quality index by 42.5%, 11.3%, 46.8%, 22.6%, and 3.7%, respectively”
e1“in wheat in sub-plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline phosphatase contributed 3.7% to the soil quality index.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- alkaline phosphatasee0
- Value
- 3.7%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dehydrogenase, xylanase, phenol oxidase, peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase can serve as sensitive indicators and were contribution to soil quality index by 42.5%, 11.3%, 46.8%, 22.6%, and 3.7%, respectively”
e1“in wheat in sub-plots”
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