Abstract
BACKGROUND: Huanglongbing (HLB) is a systemic disease of citrus caused by the bacterial pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) that limits citrus production worldwide. CLas is an obligate bacterial pathogen that multiplies in citrus trees and in the insect vector, the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. There is no cure for HLB currently and broad-spectrum antibiotics represent one possible therapeutic against disease symptoms. Single-stranded nucleic acid analogs, 2'-deoxy-2'-Fluoro-β-D-arabinonucleic antisense oligonucleotides (FANA ASOs), can modulate gene expression by enzymatic degradation or steric blocking of an RNA target. FANA ASOs recognize and bind to specific RNA forms, including mRNA, miRNA and long noncoding RNA, through complementary base-pairing. RESULTS: Injection of oxytetracycline (OTC) into mature citrus trees with HLB ameliorated symptoms of disease, increased fruit yield and quality of juice as compared with that produced by noninjected controls. Injection of trees with FANA ASOs reduced CLas abundance but did not improve fruit yield and quality above control levels at the injection dosage tested. Reduced pathogen relative abundance following OTC injection was coincident with lower CLas acquisition and inoculation by laboratory deployed and wild-type D. citri collected from the field, respectively. However, injections of FANA ASOs did not consistently reduce CLas transmission as compared with noninjected controls. CONCLUSIONS: Trunk injection of OTC may be useful in management of HLB by reducing CLas infection in trees and disrupting transmission. However, more research is needed to verify the potential usefulness of FANA ASOs. Optimizing FANA ASO dosage in trees and exploring the potential of multiplex FANA ASOs that simultaneously target multiple mRNAs could possibly enhance their efficacy against CLas. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
OTC injection ameliorated HLB symptoms.
CitrusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injection of oxytetracycline (OTC) into mature citrus trees with HLB ameliorated symptoms of disease”
Claim · model-written summary
OTC injection increased fruit yield relative to noninjected controls.
- Treatment
- Injection of oxytetracycline (OTC)e0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- noninjected controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injection of oxytetracycline (OTC) into mature citrus trees with HLB ameliorated symptoms of disease, increased fruit yield and quality of juice as compared with that produced by noninjected controls.”
Claim · model-written summary
OTC injection increased juice quality relative to noninjected controls.
- Treatment
- Injection of oxytetracycline (OTC)e0
- Outcome
- quality of juicee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- noninjected controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injection of oxytetracycline (OTC) into mature citrus trees with HLB ameliorated symptoms of disease, increased fruit yield and quality of juice as compared with that produced by noninjected controls.”
Claim · model-written summary
FANA ASO injection reduced CLas abundance.
- Treatment
- Injection of trees with FANA ASOse0
- Interactor
- CLase0pathogen
- Outcome
- CLas abundancee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injection of trees with FANA ASOs reduced CLas abundance”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
FANA ASO injection did not improve fruit yield above control levels.
- Treatment
- Injection of trees with FANA ASOse0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- did not improvee0
- Comparator
- control levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injection of trees with FANA ASOs reduced CLas abundance but did not improve fruit yield and quality above control levels at the injection dosage tested.”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
FANA ASO injection did not improve fruit quality above control levels.
- Treatment
- Injection of trees with FANA ASOse0
- Outcome
- qualitye0
- Direction
- did not improvee0
- Comparator
- control levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injection of trees with FANA ASOs reduced CLas abundance but did not improve fruit yield and quality above control levels at the injection dosage tested.”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower CLas abundance after OTC injection coincided with lower acquisition by laboratory deployed psyllids.
- Treatment
- OTC injectione0
- Interactor
- CLase0pathogen
- Second interactor
- D. citri
Diaphorina citrie0pest - Outcome
- CLas acquisitione0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced pathogen relative abundance following OTC injection was coincident with lower CLas acquisition and inoculation by laboratory deployed and wild-type D. citri collected from the field, respectively.”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower CLas abundance after OTC injection coincided with lower inoculation by field collected psyllids.
- Treatment
- OTC injectione0
- Interactor
- CLase0pathogen
- Second interactor
- D. citriDiaphorina citrie0pest
- Outcome
- inoculatione0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced pathogen relative abundance following OTC injection was coincident with lower CLas acquisition and inoculation by laboratory deployed and wild-type D. citri collected from the field, respectively.”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
FANA ASO injections did not consistently reduce CLas transmission.
- Treatment
- injections of FANA ASOse0
- Interactor
- CLase0pathogen
- Outcome
- CLas transmissione0
- Direction
- did not consistently reducee0
- Comparator
- noninjected controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“injections of FANA ASOs did not consistently reduce CLas transmission as compared with noninjected controls.”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest OTC trunk injection may help manage HLB.
- Outcome
- Trunk injection of OTC may be useful in management of HLBe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trunk injection of OTC may be useful in management of HLB by reducing CLas infection in trees and disrupting transmission.”
t0“citrus”
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