Abstract
Abstract Drought is a major factor affecting annual forage production and quality. The present study aimed to characterize drought stress–responsive changes in carbohydrate composition and forage quality–related parameters as being linked to the responses of physiological parameters during the regrowth of Kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.). Drought treatment gradually decreased leaf water potential (Ψ w ) to a minimum value of −2.94 MPa at day 46. Drought‐responsive increases in H 2 O 2 concentration and lipid peroxidation were significant from day 22 (Ψ w = −1.38 MPa), accompanied by the decreased chlorophyll content. Drought stress repressed Rubisco large subunit and several thylakoid membrane protein complexes (PSI, PSII dimer, PSII monomer and cytochrome b6/f ). Drought also increased glucose, fructose and sucrose concentrations from day 22. A distinct increase in monosaccharides and disaccharides coincided with a reduction of fructan, especially from day 36 onward, when the enzymatic activity of fructan exohydrolases (1‐FEH and 6‐FEH) became greatly enhanced. Significant changes in forage nutritional parameters also occurred from day 36 (Ψ w = −2.74 MPa), as shown by increases in neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and ADF‐lignin with enhanced activity of polyphenol oxidase, as well as a decrease in crude protein content. These drought‐responsive changes in nutritional parameters were strongly correlated with a decrease in in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). A correlation analysis revealed that drought‐induced accumulation of H 2 O 2 along with decreasing Ψ w was closely associated with increases in fiber compounds and ADF‐lignin leading to a decrease in IVDMD. Our results indicate that drought‐responsive reductions in forage quality mainly occurred under severe drought stress (day 36 to day 46, Ψ w ≤ −2.74), when H 2 O 2 accumulation and lipid peroxidation were high, were characterized by an accompanied increase in ADF.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Drought decreased leaf water potential to a minimum of −2.94 MPa at day 46.
- Taxon
- Poa pratensis
.jpg?width=60)
Poa pratensist0 - Treatment
- Drought treatmente1
- Outcome
- leaf water potentiale1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- −2.94 MPae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)”
e1“Drought treatment gradually decreased leaf water potential”
e2“to a minimum value of −2.94 MPa at day 46”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought significantly increased lipid peroxidation and H2O2 concentration from day 22.
- Taxon
- Poa pratensisPoa pratensist0
- Treatment
- Drought treatmente1
- Compound
- H 2 O 2e3
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione3
- Direction
- increasese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)”
e1“Drought treatment gradually decreased leaf water potential”
e3“increases in H 2 O 2 concentration and lipid peroxidation were significant from day 22”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought decreased chlorophyll content in Kentucky bluegrass.
- Taxon
- Poa pratensisPoa pratensist0
- Treatment
- Drought treatmente1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente4
- Direction
- decreasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)”
e1“Drought treatment gradually decreased leaf water potential”
e4“accompanied by the decreased chlorophyll content”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress repressed Rubisco large subunit.
- Taxon
- Poa pratensisPoa pratensist0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse5
- Outcome
- Rubisco large subunite5
- Direction
- repressede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)”
e5“Drought stress repressed Rubisco large subunit and several thylakoid membrane protein complexes (PSI, PSII dimer, PSII monomer”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress repressed the PSI, PSII dimer and PSII monomer thylakoid membrane protein complexes.
- Taxon
- Poa pratensisPoa pratensist0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse5
- Outcome
- PSI, PSII dimer, PSII monomere5
- Direction
- repressede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)”
e5“Drought stress repressed Rubisco large subunit and several thylakoid membrane protein complexes (PSI, PSII dimer, PSII monomer”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress repressed cytochrome b6/f.
- Taxon
- Poa pratensisPoa pratensist0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse5
- Outcome
- cytochrome b6/fe6
- Direction
- repressede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)”
e5“Drought stress repressed Rubisco large subunit and several thylakoid membrane protein complexes (PSI, PSII dimer, PSII monomer”
e6“PSII monomer and cytochrome b6/f”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased glucose, fructose and sucrose concentrations from day 22.
- Taxon
- Poa pratensisPoa pratensist0
- Treatment
- Droughte7
- Outcome
- glucose, fructose and sucrose concentrationse7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)”
e7“Drought also increased glucose, fructose and sucrose concentrations from day 22”
Claim · model-written summary
Monosaccharides and disaccharides increased under drought treatment.
- Taxon
- Poa pratensisPoa pratensist0
- Treatment
- Drought treatmente1
- Outcome
- monosaccharides and disaccharidese2
- Direction
- increasee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)”
e1“Drought treatment gradually decreased leaf water potential”
e2“A distinct increase in monosaccharides and disaccharides coincided with a reduction of fructan, especially from day 36 onward”
Claim · model-written summary
Fructan was reduced under drought treatment, especially from day 36 onward.
- Taxon
- Poa pratensisPoa pratensist0
- Treatment
- Drought treatmente1
- Outcome
- fructane2
- Direction
- reductione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)”
e1“Drought treatment gradually decreased leaf water potential”
e2“A distinct increase in monosaccharides and disaccharides coincided with a reduction of fructan, especially from day 36 onward”
Claim · model-written summary
Activity of fructan exohydrolases greatly increased from day 36 onward.
- Taxon
- Poa pratensisPoa pratensist0
- Gene
- fructan exohydrolasese1
- Outcome
- enzymatic activitye1
- Direction
- greatly enhancede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)”
e1“the enzymatic activity of fructan exohydrolases (1‐FEH and 6‐FEH) became greatly enhanced”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in forage.
- Taxon
- Poa pratensisPoa pratensist0
- Treatment
- Drought treatmente1
- Outcome
- neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fibere2
- Direction
- increasese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)”
e1“Drought treatment gradually decreased leaf water potential”
e2“increases in neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber (ADF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyphenol oxidase activity was enhanced in drought-stressed forage.
- Taxon
- Poa pratensisPoa pratensist0
- Gene
- polyphenol oxidasee1
- Outcome
- activity of polyphenol oxidasee1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)”
e1“with enhanced activity of polyphenol oxidase”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought decreased crude protein content in forage.
- Taxon
- Poa pratensisPoa pratensist0
- Treatment
- Drought treatmente1
- Outcome
- crude protein contente2
- Direction
- decreasee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)”
e1“Drought treatment gradually decreased leaf water potential”
e2“as well as a decrease in crude protein content”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought-responsive changes in nutritional parameters were strongly correlated with a decrease in in vitro dry matter digestibility.
- Taxon
- Poa pratensisPoa pratensist0
- Treatment
- Drought treatmente1
- Outcome
- in vitro dry matter digestibilitye2
- Direction
- decreasee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)”
e1“Drought treatment gradually decreased leaf water potential”
e2“were strongly correlated with a decrease in in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD)”
Claim · model-written summary
H2O2 accumulation under drought was closely associated with increases in fiber compounds.
- Taxon
- Poa pratensisPoa pratensist0
- Compound
- H 2 O 2e1
- Outcome
- fiber compoundse2
- Direction
- increasese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)”
e1“accumulation of H 2 O 2 along with decreasing”
e2“was closely associated with increases in fiber compounds”
Claim · model-written summary
Forage quality reductions mainly occurred under severe drought stress.
- Taxon
- Poa pratensisPoa pratensist0
- Treatment
- severe drought stresse1
- Outcome
- forage qualitye1
- Direction
- reductionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)”
e1“reductions in forage quality mainly occurred under severe drought stress”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.