Ecological approaches to sustainable soybean production with sequential herbicide applications and their impact on weed dynamics and crop yield

Claim · model-written summary

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST produced increased crop vigor scores (7.70 and 7.83) in 2022 and 2023.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxe0

Treatment

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POSTe0

Outcome

crop vigor scorese0

Direction

increasede0

Value

7.70 and 7.83e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“The study showed that sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST resulted in increased crop vigor scores (7.70 and 7.83), cumulative leaf area duration (197.86 and 195.86 days), net assimilation rate (2.79 and 2.75 gm -2 day -1 ), leaf area index (4.75 and 4.78 m 2 m -2 ), total dry matter (531.492022 and 544.65 gm -2 ), reduced weed cover scores (2.40 and 2.10), lower weed counts (35.67 and 28.67), higher plant population (32.00 and 32.33 m -2 ), taller plant height (45.00 and 47.00 cm), higher number of pods plant -1 (42.60 and 43.37), improved seed yield (1784.84 and 1784.84 kgha -1 ), harvest index (36.12%and 37.04%), higher protein content (35.78% and 36.97%),oil content (20.33% and 20.90%), oil yield (386.96 and 402.08 kgha -1 ) and effective weed control percentage (44.59% to 75.65% at 45 days after spray), with weed control efficiency (88.62% and 89.16%), weed index showed that it reduced minimum (11.43% and 7.19%) soybean yield, herbicide efficiency index (8.83%and 11.38%) in 2022 and 2023 respectively.”

t0

“soybean”

Claim · model-written summary

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST produced increased cumulative leaf area duration (197.86 and 195.86 days) in 2022 and 2023.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxe0

Treatment

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POSTe0

Outcome

cumulative leaf area duratione0

Direction

increasede0

Value

197.86 and 195.86 dayse0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“The study showed that sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST resulted in increased crop vigor scores (7.70 and 7.83), cumulative leaf area duration (197.86 and 195.86 days), net assimilation rate (2.79 and 2.75 gm -2 day -1 ), leaf area index (4.75 and 4.78 m 2 m -2 ), total dry matter (531.492022 and 544.65 gm -2 ), reduced weed cover scores (2.40 and 2.10), lower weed counts (35.67 and 28.67), higher plant population (32.00 and 32.33 m -2 ), taller plant height (45.00 and 47.00 cm), higher number of pods plant -1 (42.60 and 43.37), improved seed yield (1784.84 and 1784.84 kgha -1 ), harvest index (36.12%and 37.04%), higher protein content (35.78% and 36.97%),oil content (20.33% and 20.90%), oil yield (386.96 and 402.08 kgha -1 ) and effective weed control percentage (44.59% to 75.65% at 45 days after spray), with weed control efficiency (88.62% and 89.16%), weed index showed that it reduced minimum (11.43% and 7.19%) soybean yield, herbicide efficiency index (8.83%and 11.38%) in 2022 and 2023 respectively.”

t0

“soybean”

Claim · model-written summary

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST produced increased net assimilation rate (2.79 and 2.75 gm -2 day -1) in 2022 and 2023.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxe0

Treatment

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POSTe0

Outcome

net assimilation ratee0

Direction

increasede0

Value

2.79 and 2.75 gm -2 day -1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“The study showed that sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST resulted in increased crop vigor scores (7.70 and 7.83), cumulative leaf area duration (197.86 and 195.86 days), net assimilation rate (2.79 and 2.75 gm -2 day -1 ), leaf area index (4.75 and 4.78 m 2 m -2 ), total dry matter (531.492022 and 544.65 gm -2 ), reduced weed cover scores (2.40 and 2.10), lower weed counts (35.67 and 28.67), higher plant population (32.00 and 32.33 m -2 ), taller plant height (45.00 and 47.00 cm), higher number of pods plant -1 (42.60 and 43.37), improved seed yield (1784.84 and 1784.84 kgha -1 ), harvest index (36.12%and 37.04%), higher protein content (35.78% and 36.97%),oil content (20.33% and 20.90%), oil yield (386.96 and 402.08 kgha -1 ) and effective weed control percentage (44.59% to 75.65% at 45 days after spray), with weed control efficiency (88.62% and 89.16%), weed index showed that it reduced minimum (11.43% and 7.19%) soybean yield, herbicide efficiency index (8.83%and 11.38%) in 2022 and 2023 respectively.”

t0

“soybean”

Claim · model-written summary

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST produced increased leaf area index (4.75 and 4.78 m 2 m -2) in 2022 and 2023.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxe0

Treatment

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POSTe0

Outcome

leaf area indexe0

Direction

increasede0

Value

4.75 and 4.78 m 2 m -2e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“The study showed that sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST resulted in increased crop vigor scores (7.70 and 7.83), cumulative leaf area duration (197.86 and 195.86 days), net assimilation rate (2.79 and 2.75 gm -2 day -1 ), leaf area index (4.75 and 4.78 m 2 m -2 ), total dry matter (531.492022 and 544.65 gm -2 ), reduced weed cover scores (2.40 and 2.10), lower weed counts (35.67 and 28.67), higher plant population (32.00 and 32.33 m -2 ), taller plant height (45.00 and 47.00 cm), higher number of pods plant -1 (42.60 and 43.37), improved seed yield (1784.84 and 1784.84 kgha -1 ), harvest index (36.12%and 37.04%), higher protein content (35.78% and 36.97%),oil content (20.33% and 20.90%), oil yield (386.96 and 402.08 kgha -1 ) and effective weed control percentage (44.59% to 75.65% at 45 days after spray), with weed control efficiency (88.62% and 89.16%), weed index showed that it reduced minimum (11.43% and 7.19%) soybean yield, herbicide efficiency index (8.83%and 11.38%) in 2022 and 2023 respectively.”

t0

“soybean”

Claim · model-written summary

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST produced increased total dry matter (531.492022 and 544.65 gm -2) in 2022 and 2023.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxe0

Treatment

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POSTe0

Outcome

total dry mattere0

Direction

increasede0

Value

531.492022 and 544.65 gm -2e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“The study showed that sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST resulted in increased crop vigor scores (7.70 and 7.83), cumulative leaf area duration (197.86 and 195.86 days), net assimilation rate (2.79 and 2.75 gm -2 day -1 ), leaf area index (4.75 and 4.78 m 2 m -2 ), total dry matter (531.492022 and 544.65 gm -2 ), reduced weed cover scores (2.40 and 2.10), lower weed counts (35.67 and 28.67), higher plant population (32.00 and 32.33 m -2 ), taller plant height (45.00 and 47.00 cm), higher number of pods plant -1 (42.60 and 43.37), improved seed yield (1784.84 and 1784.84 kgha -1 ), harvest index (36.12%and 37.04%), higher protein content (35.78% and 36.97%),oil content (20.33% and 20.90%), oil yield (386.96 and 402.08 kgha -1 ) and effective weed control percentage (44.59% to 75.65% at 45 days after spray), with weed control efficiency (88.62% and 89.16%), weed index showed that it reduced minimum (11.43% and 7.19%) soybean yield, herbicide efficiency index (8.83%and 11.38%) in 2022 and 2023 respectively.”

t0

“soybean”

Claim · model-written summary

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST produced reduced weed cover scores (2.40 and 2.10) in 2022 and 2023.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxe0

Treatment

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POSTe0

Outcome

weed cover scorese0

Direction

reducede0

Value

2.40 and 2.10e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“The study showed that sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST resulted in increased crop vigor scores (7.70 and 7.83), cumulative leaf area duration (197.86 and 195.86 days), net assimilation rate (2.79 and 2.75 gm -2 day -1 ), leaf area index (4.75 and 4.78 m 2 m -2 ), total dry matter (531.492022 and 544.65 gm -2 ), reduced weed cover scores (2.40 and 2.10), lower weed counts (35.67 and 28.67), higher plant population (32.00 and 32.33 m -2 ), taller plant height (45.00 and 47.00 cm), higher number of pods plant -1 (42.60 and 43.37), improved seed yield (1784.84 and 1784.84 kgha -1 ), harvest index (36.12%and 37.04%), higher protein content (35.78% and 36.97%),oil content (20.33% and 20.90%), oil yield (386.96 and 402.08 kgha -1 ) and effective weed control percentage (44.59% to 75.65% at 45 days after spray), with weed control efficiency (88.62% and 89.16%), weed index showed that it reduced minimum (11.43% and 7.19%) soybean yield, herbicide efficiency index (8.83%and 11.38%) in 2022 and 2023 respectively.”

t0

“soybean”

Claim · model-written summary

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST produced lower weed counts (35.67 and 28.67) in 2022 and 2023.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxe0

Treatment

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POSTe0

Outcome

weed countse0

Direction

lowere0

Value

35.67 and 28.67e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“The study showed that sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST resulted in increased crop vigor scores (7.70 and 7.83), cumulative leaf area duration (197.86 and 195.86 days), net assimilation rate (2.79 and 2.75 gm -2 day -1 ), leaf area index (4.75 and 4.78 m 2 m -2 ), total dry matter (531.492022 and 544.65 gm -2 ), reduced weed cover scores (2.40 and 2.10), lower weed counts (35.67 and 28.67), higher plant population (32.00 and 32.33 m -2 ), taller plant height (45.00 and 47.00 cm), higher number of pods plant -1 (42.60 and 43.37), improved seed yield (1784.84 and 1784.84 kgha -1 ), harvest index (36.12%and 37.04%), higher protein content (35.78% and 36.97%),oil content (20.33% and 20.90%), oil yield (386.96 and 402.08 kgha -1 ) and effective weed control percentage (44.59% to 75.65% at 45 days after spray), with weed control efficiency (88.62% and 89.16%), weed index showed that it reduced minimum (11.43% and 7.19%) soybean yield, herbicide efficiency index (8.83%and 11.38%) in 2022 and 2023 respectively.”

t0

“soybean”

Claim · model-written summary

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST produced higher plant population (32.00 and 32.33 m -2) in 2022 and 2023.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxe0

Treatment

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POSTe0

Outcome

plant populatione0

Direction

highere0

Value

32.00 and 32.33 m -2e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“The study showed that sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST resulted in increased crop vigor scores (7.70 and 7.83), cumulative leaf area duration (197.86 and 195.86 days), net assimilation rate (2.79 and 2.75 gm -2 day -1 ), leaf area index (4.75 and 4.78 m 2 m -2 ), total dry matter (531.492022 and 544.65 gm -2 ), reduced weed cover scores (2.40 and 2.10), lower weed counts (35.67 and 28.67), higher plant population (32.00 and 32.33 m -2 ), taller plant height (45.00 and 47.00 cm), higher number of pods plant -1 (42.60 and 43.37), improved seed yield (1784.84 and 1784.84 kgha -1 ), harvest index (36.12%and 37.04%), higher protein content (35.78% and 36.97%),oil content (20.33% and 20.90%), oil yield (386.96 and 402.08 kgha -1 ) and effective weed control percentage (44.59% to 75.65% at 45 days after spray), with weed control efficiency (88.62% and 89.16%), weed index showed that it reduced minimum (11.43% and 7.19%) soybean yield, herbicide efficiency index (8.83%and 11.38%) in 2022 and 2023 respectively.”

t0

“soybean”

Claim · model-written summary

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST produced taller plant height (45.00 and 47.00 cm) in 2022 and 2023.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxe0

Treatment

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POSTe0

Outcome

plant heighte0

Direction

tallere0

Value

45.00 and 47.00 cme0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“The study showed that sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST resulted in increased crop vigor scores (7.70 and 7.83), cumulative leaf area duration (197.86 and 195.86 days), net assimilation rate (2.79 and 2.75 gm -2 day -1 ), leaf area index (4.75 and 4.78 m 2 m -2 ), total dry matter (531.492022 and 544.65 gm -2 ), reduced weed cover scores (2.40 and 2.10), lower weed counts (35.67 and 28.67), higher plant population (32.00 and 32.33 m -2 ), taller plant height (45.00 and 47.00 cm), higher number of pods plant -1 (42.60 and 43.37), improved seed yield (1784.84 and 1784.84 kgha -1 ), harvest index (36.12%and 37.04%), higher protein content (35.78% and 36.97%),oil content (20.33% and 20.90%), oil yield (386.96 and 402.08 kgha -1 ) and effective weed control percentage (44.59% to 75.65% at 45 days after spray), with weed control efficiency (88.62% and 89.16%), weed index showed that it reduced minimum (11.43% and 7.19%) soybean yield, herbicide efficiency index (8.83%and 11.38%) in 2022 and 2023 respectively.”

t0

“soybean”

Claim · model-written summary

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST produced higher number of pods plant -1 (42.60 and 43.37) in 2022 and 2023.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxe0

Treatment

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POSTe0

Outcome

number of pods plant -1e0

Direction

highere0

Value

42.60 and 43.37e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“The study showed that sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST resulted in increased crop vigor scores (7.70 and 7.83), cumulative leaf area duration (197.86 and 195.86 days), net assimilation rate (2.79 and 2.75 gm -2 day -1 ), leaf area index (4.75 and 4.78 m 2 m -2 ), total dry matter (531.492022 and 544.65 gm -2 ), reduced weed cover scores (2.40 and 2.10), lower weed counts (35.67 and 28.67), higher plant population (32.00 and 32.33 m -2 ), taller plant height (45.00 and 47.00 cm), higher number of pods plant -1 (42.60 and 43.37), improved seed yield (1784.84 and 1784.84 kgha -1 ), harvest index (36.12%and 37.04%), higher protein content (35.78% and 36.97%),oil content (20.33% and 20.90%), oil yield (386.96 and 402.08 kgha -1 ) and effective weed control percentage (44.59% to 75.65% at 45 days after spray), with weed control efficiency (88.62% and 89.16%), weed index showed that it reduced minimum (11.43% and 7.19%) soybean yield, herbicide efficiency index (8.83%and 11.38%) in 2022 and 2023 respectively.”

t0

“soybean”

Claim · model-written summary

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST produced improved seed yield (1784.84 and 1784.84 kgha -1) in 2022 and 2023.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxe0

Treatment

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POSTe0

Outcome

seed yielde0

Direction

improvede0

Value

1784.84 and 1784.84 kgha -1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“The study showed that sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST resulted in increased crop vigor scores (7.70 and 7.83), cumulative leaf area duration (197.86 and 195.86 days), net assimilation rate (2.79 and 2.75 gm -2 day -1 ), leaf area index (4.75 and 4.78 m 2 m -2 ), total dry matter (531.492022 and 544.65 gm -2 ), reduced weed cover scores (2.40 and 2.10), lower weed counts (35.67 and 28.67), higher plant population (32.00 and 32.33 m -2 ), taller plant height (45.00 and 47.00 cm), higher number of pods plant -1 (42.60 and 43.37), improved seed yield (1784.84 and 1784.84 kgha -1 ), harvest index (36.12%and 37.04%), higher protein content (35.78% and 36.97%),oil content (20.33% and 20.90%), oil yield (386.96 and 402.08 kgha -1 ) and effective weed control percentage (44.59% to 75.65% at 45 days after spray), with weed control efficiency (88.62% and 89.16%), weed index showed that it reduced minimum (11.43% and 7.19%) soybean yield, herbicide efficiency index (8.83%and 11.38%) in 2022 and 2023 respectively.”

t0

“soybean”

Claim · model-written summary

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST produced improved harvest index (36.12%and 37.04%) in 2022 and 2023.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxe0

Treatment

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POSTe0

Outcome

harvest indexe0

Direction

improvede0

Value

36.12%and 37.04%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“The study showed that sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST resulted in increased crop vigor scores (7.70 and 7.83), cumulative leaf area duration (197.86 and 195.86 days), net assimilation rate (2.79 and 2.75 gm -2 day -1 ), leaf area index (4.75 and 4.78 m 2 m -2 ), total dry matter (531.492022 and 544.65 gm -2 ), reduced weed cover scores (2.40 and 2.10), lower weed counts (35.67 and 28.67), higher plant population (32.00 and 32.33 m -2 ), taller plant height (45.00 and 47.00 cm), higher number of pods plant -1 (42.60 and 43.37), improved seed yield (1784.84 and 1784.84 kgha -1 ), harvest index (36.12%and 37.04%), higher protein content (35.78% and 36.97%),oil content (20.33% and 20.90%), oil yield (386.96 and 402.08 kgha -1 ) and effective weed control percentage (44.59% to 75.65% at 45 days after spray), with weed control efficiency (88.62% and 89.16%), weed index showed that it reduced minimum (11.43% and 7.19%) soybean yield, herbicide efficiency index (8.83%and 11.38%) in 2022 and 2023 respectively.”

t0

“soybean”

Claim · model-written summary

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST produced higher protein content (35.78% and 36.97%) in 2022 and 2023.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxe0

Treatment

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POSTe0

Outcome

protein contente0

Direction

highere0

Value

35.78% and 36.97%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“The study showed that sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST resulted in increased crop vigor scores (7.70 and 7.83), cumulative leaf area duration (197.86 and 195.86 days), net assimilation rate (2.79 and 2.75 gm -2 day -1 ), leaf area index (4.75 and 4.78 m 2 m -2 ), total dry matter (531.492022 and 544.65 gm -2 ), reduced weed cover scores (2.40 and 2.10), lower weed counts (35.67 and 28.67), higher plant population (32.00 and 32.33 m -2 ), taller plant height (45.00 and 47.00 cm), higher number of pods plant -1 (42.60 and 43.37), improved seed yield (1784.84 and 1784.84 kgha -1 ), harvest index (36.12%and 37.04%), higher protein content (35.78% and 36.97%),oil content (20.33% and 20.90%), oil yield (386.96 and 402.08 kgha -1 ) and effective weed control percentage (44.59% to 75.65% at 45 days after spray), with weed control efficiency (88.62% and 89.16%), weed index showed that it reduced minimum (11.43% and 7.19%) soybean yield, herbicide efficiency index (8.83%and 11.38%) in 2022 and 2023 respectively.”

t0

“soybean”

Claim · model-written summary

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST produced higher oil content (20.33% and 20.90%) in 2022 and 2023.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxe0

Treatment

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POSTe0

Outcome

oil contente0

Direction

highere0

Value

20.33% and 20.90%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“The study showed that sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST resulted in increased crop vigor scores (7.70 and 7.83), cumulative leaf area duration (197.86 and 195.86 days), net assimilation rate (2.79 and 2.75 gm -2 day -1 ), leaf area index (4.75 and 4.78 m 2 m -2 ), total dry matter (531.492022 and 544.65 gm -2 ), reduced weed cover scores (2.40 and 2.10), lower weed counts (35.67 and 28.67), higher plant population (32.00 and 32.33 m -2 ), taller plant height (45.00 and 47.00 cm), higher number of pods plant -1 (42.60 and 43.37), improved seed yield (1784.84 and 1784.84 kgha -1 ), harvest index (36.12%and 37.04%), higher protein content (35.78% and 36.97%),oil content (20.33% and 20.90%), oil yield (386.96 and 402.08 kgha -1 ) and effective weed control percentage (44.59% to 75.65% at 45 days after spray), with weed control efficiency (88.62% and 89.16%), weed index showed that it reduced minimum (11.43% and 7.19%) soybean yield, herbicide efficiency index (8.83%and 11.38%) in 2022 and 2023 respectively.”

t0

“soybean”

Claim · model-written summary

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST produced higher oil yield (386.96 and 402.08 kgha -1) in 2022 and 2023.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxe0

Treatment

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POSTe0

Outcome

oil yielde0

Direction

highere0

Value

386.96 and 402.08 kgha -1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“The study showed that sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST resulted in increased crop vigor scores (7.70 and 7.83), cumulative leaf area duration (197.86 and 195.86 days), net assimilation rate (2.79 and 2.75 gm -2 day -1 ), leaf area index (4.75 and 4.78 m 2 m -2 ), total dry matter (531.492022 and 544.65 gm -2 ), reduced weed cover scores (2.40 and 2.10), lower weed counts (35.67 and 28.67), higher plant population (32.00 and 32.33 m -2 ), taller plant height (45.00 and 47.00 cm), higher number of pods plant -1 (42.60 and 43.37), improved seed yield (1784.84 and 1784.84 kgha -1 ), harvest index (36.12%and 37.04%), higher protein content (35.78% and 36.97%),oil content (20.33% and 20.90%), oil yield (386.96 and 402.08 kgha -1 ) and effective weed control percentage (44.59% to 75.65% at 45 days after spray), with weed control efficiency (88.62% and 89.16%), weed index showed that it reduced minimum (11.43% and 7.19%) soybean yield, herbicide efficiency index (8.83%and 11.38%) in 2022 and 2023 respectively.”

t0

“soybean”

Claim · model-written summary

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST produced effective weed control percentage (44.59% to 75.65%) in 2022 and 2023.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxe0

Treatment

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POSTe0

Outcome

weed control percentagee0

Direction

effectivee0

Value

44.59% to 75.65%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“The study showed that sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST resulted in increased crop vigor scores (7.70 and 7.83), cumulative leaf area duration (197.86 and 195.86 days), net assimilation rate (2.79 and 2.75 gm -2 day -1 ), leaf area index (4.75 and 4.78 m 2 m -2 ), total dry matter (531.492022 and 544.65 gm -2 ), reduced weed cover scores (2.40 and 2.10), lower weed counts (35.67 and 28.67), higher plant population (32.00 and 32.33 m -2 ), taller plant height (45.00 and 47.00 cm), higher number of pods plant -1 (42.60 and 43.37), improved seed yield (1784.84 and 1784.84 kgha -1 ), harvest index (36.12%and 37.04%), higher protein content (35.78% and 36.97%),oil content (20.33% and 20.90%), oil yield (386.96 and 402.08 kgha -1 ) and effective weed control percentage (44.59% to 75.65% at 45 days after spray), with weed control efficiency (88.62% and 89.16%), weed index showed that it reduced minimum (11.43% and 7.19%) soybean yield, herbicide efficiency index (8.83%and 11.38%) in 2022 and 2023 respectively.”

t0

“soybean”

Claim · model-written summary

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST produced effective weed control efficiency (88.62% and 89.16%) in 2022 and 2023.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxe0

Treatment

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POSTe0

Outcome

weed control efficiencye0

Direction

effectivee0

Value

88.62% and 89.16%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“The study showed that sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST resulted in increased crop vigor scores (7.70 and 7.83), cumulative leaf area duration (197.86 and 195.86 days), net assimilation rate (2.79 and 2.75 gm -2 day -1 ), leaf area index (4.75 and 4.78 m 2 m -2 ), total dry matter (531.492022 and 544.65 gm -2 ), reduced weed cover scores (2.40 and 2.10), lower weed counts (35.67 and 28.67), higher plant population (32.00 and 32.33 m -2 ), taller plant height (45.00 and 47.00 cm), higher number of pods plant -1 (42.60 and 43.37), improved seed yield (1784.84 and 1784.84 kgha -1 ), harvest index (36.12%and 37.04%), higher protein content (35.78% and 36.97%),oil content (20.33% and 20.90%), oil yield (386.96 and 402.08 kgha -1 ) and effective weed control percentage (44.59% to 75.65% at 45 days after spray), with weed control efficiency (88.62% and 89.16%), weed index showed that it reduced minimum (11.43% and 7.19%) soybean yield, herbicide efficiency index (8.83%and 11.38%) in 2022 and 2023 respectively.”

t0

“soybean”

Claim · model-written summary

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST produced reduced minimum weed index (11.43% and 7.19%) in 2022 and 2023.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxe0

Treatment

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POSTe0

Outcome

weed indexe0

Direction

reduced minimume0

Value

11.43% and 7.19%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“The study showed that sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST resulted in increased crop vigor scores (7.70 and 7.83), cumulative leaf area duration (197.86 and 195.86 days), net assimilation rate (2.79 and 2.75 gm -2 day -1 ), leaf area index (4.75 and 4.78 m 2 m -2 ), total dry matter (531.492022 and 544.65 gm -2 ), reduced weed cover scores (2.40 and 2.10), lower weed counts (35.67 and 28.67), higher plant population (32.00 and 32.33 m -2 ), taller plant height (45.00 and 47.00 cm), higher number of pods plant -1 (42.60 and 43.37), improved seed yield (1784.84 and 1784.84 kgha -1 ), harvest index (36.12%and 37.04%), higher protein content (35.78% and 36.97%),oil content (20.33% and 20.90%), oil yield (386.96 and 402.08 kgha -1 ) and effective weed control percentage (44.59% to 75.65% at 45 days after spray), with weed control efficiency (88.62% and 89.16%), weed index showed that it reduced minimum (11.43% and 7.19%) soybean yield, herbicide efficiency index (8.83%and 11.38%) in 2022 and 2023 respectively.”

t0

“soybean”

Claim · model-written summary

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST produced effective herbicide efficiency index (8.83%and 11.38%) in 2022 and 2023.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxe0

Treatment

sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POSTe0

Outcome

herbicide efficiency indexe0

Direction

effectivee0

Value

8.83%and 11.38%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“The study showed that sequential application of herbicide s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as PRE and fluazifop-p-butyl as POST resulted in increased crop vigor scores (7.70 and 7.83), cumulative leaf area duration (197.86 and 195.86 days), net assimilation rate (2.79 and 2.75 gm -2 day -1 ), leaf area index (4.75 and 4.78 m 2 m -2 ), total dry matter (531.492022 and 544.65 gm -2 ), reduced weed cover scores (2.40 and 2.10), lower weed counts (35.67 and 28.67), higher plant population (32.00 and 32.33 m -2 ), taller plant height (45.00 and 47.00 cm), higher number of pods plant -1 (42.60 and 43.37), improved seed yield (1784.84 and 1784.84 kgha -1 ), harvest index (36.12%and 37.04%), higher protein content (35.78% and 36.97%),oil content (20.33% and 20.90%), oil yield (386.96 and 402.08 kgha -1 ) and effective weed control percentage (44.59% to 75.65% at 45 days after spray), with weed control efficiency (88.62% and 89.16%), weed index showed that it reduced minimum (11.43% and 7.19%) soybean yield, herbicide efficiency index (8.83%and 11.38%) in 2022 and 2023 respectively.”

t0

“soybean”

Claim · model-written summary

The authors recommend sequential pre-emergence s-metolachlor plus pendimethalin followed by post-emergence fluazifop-p-butyl to optimize soybean growth, yield, and quality.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxt0

Treatment

sequential application of s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as a pre-emergence followed by fluazifop-p-butyl as a post-emergence herbicidee0

Outcome

soybean growth parameters, yield attributes and quality parameterse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“So, it is recommended that sequential application of s-metolachlor + pendimethalin as a pre-emergence followed by fluazifop-p-butyl as a post-emergence herbicide optimize soybean growth parameters, yield attributes and quality parameters.”

t0

“soybean”