Abstract
BACKGROUND: Adventitious root (AR) formation is the key step for successful cutting propagation of tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.). Studies showed that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) can promote the rooting ability, and auxin pathway in basal stem of cuttings was involved in this process. However, auxin and abscisic acid (another important regulator on AR formation) in the other parts of cuttings at different rooting stages responding to AMF inoculation are not well studied. Therefore, in this paper, contents, enzymes and genes related to these two plant hormones were comprehensively determined aiming to unveil how endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) involve in the AMF regulating AR development of tea cuttings. RESULTS: Inoculating with AMF significantly increased the proportion of cuttings at S2 stage (AR formation), which was more than twice as much as the control. And the total rooting rate in mycorrhizal treatment was also higher than that in the control with an increase of 8.66%. Enzyme activity assays showed that except for decreased polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity at the S3 stage and peroxidase (POD) activity in middle stem of S3 stage, AMF inoculation increased activities of POD, PPO, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) to varying degrees in leaf, middle stem and basal stem of tea cuttings. After inoculation with AMF, the indoleacetic acid oxidase (IAAO) activity decreased to a certain extent in the first three stages of tea cuttings, which showed a trend of 'low-high-low' in the basal stem of all treatments. Besides, there was a significantly positive correlation between SOD activity and AR formation, especially for the proportion of cuttings at S2 and S3 stages. Higher IAA level and IAA/ABA ratio was found in basal stem of cuttings at S1 stage induced by AMF, which promoting the AR formation as revealed by correlation analysis. At the same time, AMF significantly elevated the level of IAA in leaf at S1 stage. By screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to IAA and ABA pathways, together with redundant analysis, it was indicated that auxin biosynthesis and transport, as well as ABA transport and signal transduction, were involved in AMF regulating the rooting of tea cuttings. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, both endogenous IAA and ABA played roles in the regulation of AR formation of tea cuttings by AMF inoculating, enriching the theoretical basis of AMF regulating rooting of cuttings and providing foundations for cutting propagation of tea plants.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculating tea cuttings with AMF significantly increased the proportion of cuttings at the S2 (adventitious root formation) stage, to more than twice that of the control.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis L.
Camellia sinensist0 - Treatment
- Inoculating with AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- proportion of cuttings at S2 stagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- more than twicee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculating with AMF significantly increased the proportion of cuttings at S2 stage (AR formation), which was more than twice as much as the control”
t0“Camellia sinensis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The total rooting rate of tea cuttings in the mycorrhizal treatment was higher than in the control, with an increase of 8.66%.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis L.Camellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal treatmente0
- Outcome
- total rooting ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 8.66%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the total rooting rate in mycorrhizal treatment was also higher than that in the control with an increase of 8.66%”
t0“Camellia sinensis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased POD and PPO activities to varying degrees in leaf, middle stem and basal stem of tea cuttings.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis L.Camellia sinensist0
- Organ / stage
- leaf, middle stem and basal steme0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- POD, PPOe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- to varying degreese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation increased activities of POD, PPO, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) to varying degrees in leaf, middle stem and basal stem of tea cuttings”
t0“Camellia sinensis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities to varying degrees in leaf, middle stem and basal stem of tea cuttings.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis L.Camellia sinensist0
- Organ / stage
- leaf, middle stem and basal steme0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- to varying degreese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation increased activities of POD, PPO, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) to varying degrees in leaf, middle stem and basal stem of tea cuttings”
t0“Camellia sinensis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
PPO activity at the S3 stage and POD activity in the middle stem at S3 stage decreased, as exceptions to the general AMF-induced increase in enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis L.Camellia sinensist0
- Outcome
- polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity at the S3 stage and peroxidase (POD) activity in middle stem of S3 stagee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“except for decreased polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity at the S3 stage and peroxidase (POD) activity in middle stem of S3 stage”
t0“Camellia sinensis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
IAAO activity decreased to a certain extent in the first three stages of tea cuttings after AMF inoculation.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis L.Camellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- inoculation with AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- indoleacetic acid oxidase (IAAO) activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- to a certain extent in the first three stagese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After inoculation with AMF, the indoleacetic acid oxidase (IAAO) activity decreased to a certain extent in the first three stages of tea cuttings”
t0“Camellia sinensis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
IAAO activity in the basal stem of all treatments showed a low-high-low trend across stages.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis L.Camellia sinensist0
- Organ / stage
- basal steme0
- Outcome
- trend of 'low-high-low'e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which showed a trend of 'low-high-low' in the basal stem of all treatments”
t0“Camellia sinensis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
SOD activity was significantly and positively correlated with adventitious root formation, especially the proportion of cuttings at S2 and S3 stages.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis L.Camellia sinensist0
- Gene
- SODe0
- Outcome
- AR formatione0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was a significantly positive correlation between SOD activity and AR formation, especially for the proportion of cuttings at S2 and S3 stages”
t0“Camellia sinensis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF induced a higher IAA level and IAA/ABA ratio in the basal stem of tea cuttings at S1 stage.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis L.Camellia sinensist0
- Organ / stage
- basal stem of cuttings at S1 stagee0
- Treatment
- AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- IAA level and IAA/ABA ratioe0
- Direction
- Highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher IAA level and IAA/ABA ratio was found in basal stem of cuttings at S1 stage induced by AMF”
t0“Camellia sinensis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Correlation analysis indicated that the higher IAA level and IAA/ABA ratio in the basal stem at S1 stage promoted adventitious root formation.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis L.Camellia sinensist0
- Organ / stage
- basal stem of cuttings at S1 stagee0
- Compound
- IAA level and IAA/ABA ratioe0
- Outcome
- AR formatione0
- Direction
- promotinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher IAA level and IAA/ABA ratio was found in basal stem of cuttings at S1 stage induced by AMF, which promoting the AR formation as revealed by correlation analysis”
t0“Camellia sinensis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF significantly elevated the level of IAA in leaf of tea cuttings at S1 stage.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis L.Camellia sinensist0
- Organ / stage
- leaf at S1 stagee0
- Treatment
- AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- level of IAAe0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF significantly elevated the level of IAA in leaf at S1 stage”
t0“Camellia sinensis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Differentially expressed gene and redundancy analysis indicated that auxin biosynthesis and transport and ABA transport and signal transduction were involved in AMF regulating rooting of tea cuttings.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis L.Camellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- rooting of tea cuttingse0
- Qualifier
- auxin biosynthesis and transport, as well as ABA transport and signal transductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was indicated that auxin biosynthesis and transport, as well as ABA transport and signal transduction, were involved in AMF regulating the rooting of tea cuttings”
t0“Camellia sinensis L.”
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